Ngakho, i-kernel iqalisa amadivayisi, ikhweza uhlelo lwefayela lwempande olucaciswe isilayishi sokuqalisa njengoba lufundwa kuphela, futhi lusebenzisa i-Init ( /sbin/init) eqokwe njengenqubo yokuqala eqhutshwa uhlelo (PID = 1). Umlayezo uphrintwa yi-kernel lapho kukhwezwa uhlelo lwefayela, futhi nge-Init lapho kuqala inqubo ye-Init.
Iyiphi inqubo yokuqala eqhutshwa i-Linux kernel?
I-Linux kernel iyasebenza Init njengohlelo lokuqala; i-init bese igijima, ngemibhalo ehlukahlukene, ezinye izinhlelo. Uhlelo lwe-dmesg luyithuluzi lokuxilonga lomsebenzisi nolwazi olungeyona ingxenye yokuqala. Uhlelo lwe-rc luyiskripthi ezinye izinguqulo ze-init ezibizayo ngesikhathi sokulandelana kokuqala kodwa akulona uhlelo lokuqala olusetshenziswa yi-kernel.
Ithini i-oda lenqubo yokuqalisa i-Linux?
Ku-Linux, kunezigaba eziyisi-6 ezihlukene zenqubo yokuqalisa evamile.
- I-BIOS. I-BIOS imele i-Basic Input/Output System. …
- I-MBR. I-MBR imele i-Master Boot Record, futhi inesibopho sokulayisha nokusebenzisa isilayishi sokuqalisa se-GRUB. …
- I-GRUB. …
- I-Kernel. …
- Ukushisa. …
- Izinhlelo zeleveli.
Iyini i-Linux kernel Yenzelweni futhi isetshenziswa kanjani ngokulandelana kwe-boot?
I-Kernel : Igama elithi Kernel liwumgogodla wesistimu yokusebenza enikeza ukufinyelela kumasevisi nehadiwe. Ngakho i-boot loader ilayisha isithombe esisodwa noma eziningi "ze-initramfs" kumemori yohlelo. [ i-initramfrs: i-RAM Disk yokuqala], I-kernel isebenzisa i-“initramfs” ukufunda izishayeli namamojula adingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe uhlelo.
Yimaphi amazinga ahlukene wokugijima ku-Linux?
I-runlevel yisimo sokusebenza kusistimu yokusebenza esekelwe ku-Unix nese-Unix esethwe kusengaphambili kusistimu esekelwe ku-Linux.
...
runlevel.
| Runleveli 0 | ivala uhlelo |
|---|---|
| Runleveli 1 | imodi yomsebenzisi oyedwa |
| Runleveli 2 | Imodi yabasebenzisi abaningi ngaphandle kokuxhumana |
| Runleveli 3 | Imodi yabasebenzisi abaningi enenethiwekhi |
| Runleveli 4 | ichazwe ngumsebenzisi |
Iyiphi inombolo yenqubo 1 ekuqaleni kweLinux?
Kusukela Init bekuwuhlelo lokuqala oluzosetshenziswa yi-Linux Kernel, ine-id yenqubo (PID) ka-1. Yenza i-'ps -ef | grep init' bese ubheka i-pid. i-initrd imele i-Initial RAM Disk. i-initrd isetshenziswa i-kernel njengohlelo lwefayela lempande yesikhashana kuze kube yilapho i-kernel iqalwa futhi nesistimu yefayela lempande yangempela ifakwe.
Siyini isigaba sokugcina senqubo yokuqalisa i-Linux?
Inqubo yokuqalisa iyaphela uma i-systemd ilayisha wonke ama-daemon futhi isetha inani eliqondiwe noma lenze izinga. Kuleli qophelo ucelwa igama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi lapho uthola khona ukungena ohlelweni lwakho lwe-Linux.
Isiphi isinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokuqalisa?
Isinyathelo sokuqala sanoma iyiphi inqubo yokuqalisa si ukusebenzisa amandla emshinini. Uma umsebenzisi evula ikhompuyutha, uchungechunge lwemicimbi luqala oluphela lapho isistimu yokusebenza ithola ukulawula kusukela kunqubo yokuqalisa futhi umsebenzisi ekhululekile ukusebenza.
Likuphi ifayela le-init ku-Linux?
Ngamagama alula indima ye-init ukwakha izinqubo kusuka kumbhalo ogcinwe ku- ifayela /etc/inittab okuyifayela lokucushwa okufanele lisetshenziswe uhlelo lokuqalisa. Kuyisinyathelo sokugcina sokulandelana kwe-kernel boot. /etc/inittab Icacisa ifayela lokulawula umyalo we-init.
Iyini i-rc script ku-Linux?
Imvelo yesofthiwe ye-Solaris inikeza uchungechunge oluningiliziwe lweskripthi sokulawula (rc) ukuze ulawule izinguquko zezinga lokugijima. Ileveli yokugijima ngayinye inombhalo we-rc ohlotshaniswayo otholakala kuhla lwemibhalo /sbin: rc0.
Yini njll init ku-Linux?
/etc/init. d iqukethe imibhalo esetshenziswa amathuluzi e-System V init (SysVinit). Lena yi- iphakheji yokuphatha isevisi yendabuko ye-Linux, equkethe uhlelo lwe-init (inqubo yokuqala eqalwa lapho i-kernel isiqedile ukuqalisa¹) kanye nengqalasizinda ethile ukuqalisa nokumisa amasevisi nokuwalungiselela.