Yimuphi umyalo Ongasetshenziswa Ukucwenga Inqolobane Yendawo ye-Dns Kukhompyutha Ye-Windows?

Okuqukethwe

umyalo we-ipconfig/flushdns

Yiziphi izimiso ezimbili eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswayo ukuletha imilayezo yemeyili?

I-IMAP ne-POP3 yizivumelwano ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zemeyili ye-inthanethi ukuze kubuyiswe ama-imeyili. Womabili amaphrothokholi asekelwa yiwo wonke amaklayenti e-imeyili esimanje namaseva ewebhu.

"Isistimu yokusebenza eyinhloko" isistimu yokusebenza lapho iphrothokholi yokwabelana ngefayela okukhulunywa ngayo isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ku-Microsoft Windows, ukwabelana kwenethiwekhi kunikezwa ingxenye yenethiwekhi ye-Windows “Ukwabelana Ngefayela Nephrinta Yenethiwekhi Ye-Microsoft”, kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-Microsoft ye-SMB (Server Message Block).

Yimaphi amagama amabili asetshenziswa ukuchaza Iphrothokholi Yedatha Yomsebenzisi ye-UDP?

I-UDP (User Datagram Protocol) iyiphrothokholi engaxhunywanga yomndeni wephrothokholi ye-inthanethi esebenza kungqimba yezokuthutha futhi yashiwo ngo-1980 ku-RFC (Isicelo Samazwana) 768. Njengenye indlela enciphile futhi ecishe ilibalekele ku-TCP, i-UDP iyasetshenziswa. ukuze kudluliswe ngokushesha amaphakethe edatha kumanethiwekhi e-IP.

Yini esetshenziselwa ukukhomba ingxenye yenethiwekhi yekheli le-IP?

"Ingxenye yokusingatha" yekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi ngu-0.0.1.22. Usebenzisa inothi lakho, i-octet yesithathu ye-ip 192.168.33.22 (imaski 255.255.224.0) ithi: 001. 00001 . Ukuze uthole ingxenye yenethiwekhi yekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi, kufanele wenze kanambambili KANYE nekheli le-ip kanye nemaski yalo.

Asebenza kanjani amaseva e-DNS?

Iziphakeli Zegama Lesizinda (i-DNS) zilingana ne-inthanethi nencwadi yocingo. Bagcina inkomba yamagama esizinda futhi bawahumushele kumakheli e-Internet Protocol (IP). Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba, nakuba amagama esizinda kulula ukuthi abantu bawakhumbule, amakhompyutha noma imishini, finyelela amawebhusayithi asekelwe kumakheli e-IP.

Ivula Windows 2012 File Sharing Ports

I-UDP 138, Ukwabelana Ngefayela Nephrinta (NB-Datagram-In)
I-UDP 137, Ukwabelana Kwefayela Nephrinta (NB-Name-In)
I-TCP 139, Ukwabelana Ngefayela Nephrinta (NB-Session-In)
I-TCP 445, Ukwabelana Ngefayela Nephrinta (SMB-In)

I-Microsoft ifayela lokwabelana nge-SMB: Izimbobo ze-User Datagram Protocol (UDP) kusukela ku-135 kuya ku-139 kanye namachweba we-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) kusukela ku-135 kuya ku-139. Ithrafikhi ye-SMB esingethwe ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwesistimu eyisisekelo yokufaka/yokukhiphayo yenethiwekhi (NetBIOS): imbobo 445 (TCP kanye ne-UPD).

I-Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol iyiphrothokholi yokwabelana ngamafayela enethiwekhi, futhi njengoba isetshenziswa ku-Microsoft Windows yaziwa ngokuthi I-Microsoft SMB Protocol. Isethi yamaphakethe emiyalezo echaza inguqulo ethile yephrothokholi ibizwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesigodi. I-Common Internet File System (CIFS) Iphrothokholi iwulimi lwe-SMB.

Ngithola kanjani ukuthi yimaphi amakheli e-IP akunethiwekhi yami?

Ukuthola ikheli lakho le-IP ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umyalo womyalo

Chofoza isithonjana sokuqala bese ukhetha Izilungiselelo.
Chofoza isithonjana senethiwekhi ne-inthanethi.
Ukubuka ikheli le-IP loxhumo olunezintambo, khetha i-Ethernet kufasitelana lemenyu engakwesokunxele bese ukhetha uxhumano lwakho lwenethiwekhi, ikheli lakho le-IP lizovela eduze kokuthi “Ikheli le-IPv4”.

Iyini i-Netid ne-Hostid?

Inethiwekhi. Yabelana. Enkulumweni yekilasi, ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lesigaba A, B kanye no-C lihlukaniswe nge-netid ne-hosted. I-netid inquma ikheli lenethiwekhi kuyilapho umsingathi enquma umsingathi oxhumeke kuleyo nethiwekhi.

Iyini inethiwekhi nengxenye yosokhaya ekhelini le-IP?

I-octet kumaski e-subnet equkethe okuthi 224 ino-1 kanambambili abathathu abalandelanayo kuyo: 11100000. Ngakho-ke “ingxenye yenethiwekhi” yalo lonke ikheli le-IP ithi: 192.168.32.0 . "Ingxenye yokusingatha" yekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi ngu-0.0.1.22. Usebenzisa inothi lakho, i-octet yesithathu ye-ip 192.168.33.22 (imaski 255.255.224.0) ithi: 001.

Kungani i-DNS ilusizo?

Ukubaluleka kwe-DNS. I-Domain Name System (DNS) isetshenziselwa ukuguqula amakheli e-IP abe izizinda ezifundekayo ezifana ne-bbc.co.uk. Ngaphandle kwe-DNS wonke umuntu kuzodingeka akhumbule iyunithi yezinhlamvu zenombolo ezingahleliwe ukuze afinyelele amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene, noma okungenani ikheli le-IP le-Google.

Ayini ama-root server angu-13?

Sekukonke, kunamaseva ezimpande angu-13 ayinhloko e-DNS, ngayinye enezinhlamvu ezithi 'A' kuya ku-'M'. Wonke anekheli le-IPv4 futhi amaningi anekheli le-IPv6. Ukuphatha iseva eyimpande kuwumthwalo we-ICANN (Inhlangano Ye-inthanethi Yamagama Abelwe Nezinombolo).

Isebenza kanjani i-DNS isinyathelo ngesinyathelo?

Ake sibhekisise le nqubo:

Isinyathelo 1: Cela ulwazi.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Buza amaseva e-DNS aphindaphindayo.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Buza amaseva egama lempande.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Buza amaseva wamagama we-TLD.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Buza amaseva e-DNS agunyaziwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-6: Buyisa irekhodi.
Isinyathelo sesi-7: Thola impendulo.

Isetshenziselwa ini i-TCP 139?

IPort 445 kanye nePort 139 isetshenziselwa ini? I-NetBIOS imele i-Network Basic Input System. Kuyiphrothokholi yesofthiwe evumela izinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-PC, namadeskithophu kunethiwekhi yendawo (LAN) ukuthi zixhumane nehadiwe yenethiwekhi kanye nokudlulisa idatha kunethiwekhi yonkana.

Iyiphi imbobo esetshenziselwa ifolda eyabelwe?

Uhlu Lwenombolo Yezimbobo: Ukuqonda Amafolda Abiwe kanye ne-Windows Firewall

Connection	Amaports
I-TCP	139, 445
UDP	137, 138

Ingabe i-port 445 ivikelekile?

Ukuhlaselwa okuningi kwezokuphepha kuwumdlalo wezinombolo; yingakho inani elikhulu lokuhlaselwa kusetshenziswa i-TCP port 445 exploit akumangazi. Kanye namachweba 135, 137 kanye ne-139, i-port 445 iyimbobo yendabuko ye-Microsoft yokuxhumana. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olufuna ukuxhaphaza amasistimu e-Windows olungavikelekile lungaba umthombo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-SMB ne-NFS?

I-NFS iyiphrothokholi yomdabu ezinhlelweni ze-UNIX, kuyilapho i-Samba iwuhlelo oluhlinzeka nge-SMB, iphrothokholi yomdabu kumasistimu weWindows. I-Linux isekela kokubili njengamasistimu wefayela. Ngokombono womsebenzisi we-Windows, i-SMB ingaba ukuphela kwendlela etholakalayo. I-SMB ayenzi into efanayo.

Ingabe iWindows ingaxhumeka ku-NFS?

Landa futhi ufake i-Microsoft Windows Services ye-Unix (SFU). Udinga kuphela ukufaka iKlayenti le-NFS kanye nemephu yegama lomsebenzisi. Uma i-SFU isifakiwe futhi isilungisiwe, khweza iqoqo bese ulimephu kudrayivu usebenzisa ithuluzi le-Map Network Drive noma emugqeni womyalo.

Ingabe i-FTP ishesha kune-SMB?

I-SMB iyithuluzi “langempela” lokwabelana ngamafayela kodwa ithembele ekusebenziseni “inethiwekhi ebonakalayo” okwenza kungenzeki ukukhawulela ukusebenza kwayo ezingeni le-TCP/IP. I-FTP ingashesha kakhulu ukudlulisa amadokhumenti amakhulu (nakuba ingasebenzi kahle ngamafayela amancane).I-FTP ishesha kune-SMB kodwa inokusebenza okuncane.

Ingabe amakhompyutha amabili anamaski ahlukene e-subnet angaxhumana?

Ngokuvamile, awekho amadivaysi amabili okufanele abe nekheli le-IP elifanayo ngaphandle uma engemuva kwedivayisi ye-NAT. Amakhompyutha adinga amarutha ukuze axhumane namadivayisi angekho ku-subnet yawo enengqondo efanayo.

Kuyini i-IP subnetting?

I-subnetwork noma i-subnet iwukwehlukaniswa iziqephu okunengqondo kwenethiwekhi ye-IP. Umkhuba wokuhlukanisa inethiwekhi ibe amanethiwekhi amabili noma ngaphezulu ubizwa ngokuthi i-subnetting. Amakhompiyutha ayingxenye ye-subnet abhekwa neqembu elifanayo elibaluleke kakhulu kumakheli awo e-IP.

I-subnetting yenziwa kanjani?

Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwe-subnetting ukulawula ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi. I-Subnetting yenziwa ngokuboleka ama-host bits futhi uwasebenzise njengezingcezu zenethiwekhi. Ukuze siqale, ake sibheke ikheli lethu lenethiwekhi yenkampani ye-ABC (192.168.1.0) kanye nemaski yayo ye-subnet (255.255.255.0) njengoba ivezwe kokuthi kanambambili.

Isithombe ku-athikili ngu- "Wikimedia Commons" https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump/Archive/2010/10