Kusistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux, ifayela lephasiwedi yesithunzi liyifayela lesistimu lapho iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi yokubethela igcinwa khona ukuze ingatholakali kubantu abazama ukungena ohlelweni. Ngokuvamile, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kuhlanganise namagama-mfihlo, lugcinwa kufayela lesistimu elibizwa ngokuthi /etc/passwd .
Agcinwa kanjani amaphasiwedi ku-Unix?
Amagama-mfihlo aku-unix agcinwe ngaphakathi / njll / passwd (efundeka umhlaba wonke), kodwa bese ithuthelwa ku/etc/shadow (bese yesekelwa ku/etc/shadow-) engafundwa kuphela ngempande (noma amalungu eqembu lethunzi). I-password ifakwe usawoti kanye ne-hashi.
I-Linux iwagcina kanjani amaphasiwedi emaqenjini e-ETC?
Ulwazi lomsebenzisi namaphasiwedi agcinwa ku- "/etc/passwd" kanye "/etc/shadow" amafayela. Ngokufanayo, ulwazi lweqembu lugcinwa kufayela elithi "/etc/group".
I-Linux iwagcina kanjani amaphasiwedi kumafayela afana ne-ETC shadow?
Amagama-mfihlo agcinwa ku- "/etc/shadow" ifayela. Inombolo ye-id yomsebenzisi. Lokhu kunikezwa iskripthi esithi "adduser". I-Unix isebenzisa le nkambu, kanye nenkambu yeqembu elandelayo, ukuze ikhombe ukuthi imaphi amafayela angawomsebenzisi.
Agcinwa kuphi amaphasiwedi e-SSH?
Ifayela /etc/passwd ifayela lephasiwedi eligcina i-akhawunti ngayinye yomsebenzisi. Izitolo zefayela /etc/shadow ziqukethe imininingwane ye-hashi yephasiwedi ye-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kanye nolwazi lokuguga ongazikhethela lona. Ifayela /etc/group ifayela lombhalo elichaza amaqembu ohlelweni.
Ithini iphasiwedi yeqembu ku-Linux?
umyalo we-gpasswd usetshenziselwa ukuphatha ifayela /etc/group kanye /etc/gshadow. Njengoba iqembu ngalinye ku-Linux linabalawuli, amalungu, kanye nephasiwedi. Kuyinkinga yemvelo yokuphepha njengoba abantu abangaphezu koyedwa bavunyelwe ukwazi igama-mfihlo. Nokho, amaqembu angakwazi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabasebenzisi abahlukene.
Ngiyithola kanjani iphasiwedi yami yamanje ku-Linux?
Icubungula kumyalo we-passwd:
- Qinisekisa iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi wamanje : Uma umsebenzisi efake umyalo we-passwd, ucela iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi yamanje, eqinisekiswa ngokumelene nephasiwedi egcinwe kumsebenzisi wefayela /etc/shadow. …
- Qinisekisa imininingwane yokuguga yephasiwedi : Ku-Linux, iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi ingasethwa ukuthi iphelelwe yisikhathi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile.
Agcinwa kuphi amaphasiwedi eqembu?
Imininingwane yeqembu igcinwa ku/etc/group futhi amaphasiwedi afanele agcinwa kuyo ifayela /etc/gshadow. Eminye imisebenzi efana nokudala, ukususa kanye nokulungisa eqenjini kuxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.
Ingabe kuphephile ukubhala phansi amagama ayimfihlo?
Yebo, kuyiqiniso ukubhala phansi wonke amagama ayimfihlo ephepheni futhi ukugcina lokho kufihliwe ekhaya lakho kuvikeleke kakhulu kunomphathi wephasiwedi. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kungcono. Abantu ababhala phansi amagama ayimfihlo maningi amathuba okuthi baphinde basebenzise amagama ayimfihlo. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwephasiwedi yinto embi kakhulu ongayenza uma kuziwa kumaphasiwedi.
Ithini iphasiwedi enhle?
Kanjalo, amagama ayimfihlo aqinile ahlanganisa inhlanganisela yosonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo nezimpawu ezikhethekile, njengezimpawu zokubhala. Kufanele babe okungenani izinhlamvu eziyi-12 ubude, nakuba singancoma ukuthi uye kwelinye elide nakakhulu.
Kungani sisebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo?
Amaphasiwedi hlinzeka ngomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kukhompyutha yakho kanye nolwazi lomuntu siqu. Uma iphasiwedi yakho inamandla, ikhompyutha yakho izovikeleka kakhulu kubaduni nama-software anonya. … Iphasiwedi kufanele ibe nezinhlamvu ezincane kanye nezinhlamvu ezinkulu, izinombolo nezimpawu.