Uwufunda kanjani umugqa wokuqala wefayela kusikripthi segobolondo le-Unix?
Ukugcina umugqa ngokwawo, sebenzisa i- var=$(umyalo) i-syntax. Kulokhu, umugqa=$(awk 'NR==1 {print; phuma}' ifayela) . Ngomugqa olinganayo=$(sed -n '1p' ifayela) . sed '1!d;q' (noma sed -n '1p;q' ) izolingisa i-awk logic yakho futhi ivimbele ukufunda ngokuqhubekayo kufayela.
Uyifunda kanjani inombolo yemigqa efayeleni le-Unix?
Ungabala kanjani imigqa efayeleni ku-UNIX/Linux
- Umyalo othi “wc -l” uma usetshenziswa kuleli fayela, ukhipha isibalo somugqa kanye negama lefayela. $ wc -l file01.txt 5 file01.txt.
- Ukuze ukhiphe igama lefayela kumphumela, sebenzisa: $ wc -l < file01.txt 5.
- Ungakwazi njalo ukunikeza okukhipha umyalo kumyalo we-wc usebenzisa ipayipi. Ngokwesibonelo:
Ngiyisusa kanjani imigqa yokuqala eyi-100 ku-Unix?
Susa imigqa yokuqala engu-N yefayela esendaweni emugqeni womyalo we-unix
- Kokubili izinketho ze-sed -i kanye ne-gawk v4.1 -i -inplace ngokuyisisekelo zakha ifayela lesikhashana ngemuva kwezigcawu. I-IMO sed kufanele isheshe kunomsila futhi i-awk. -…
- umsila ushesha izikhathi eziningi kulo msebenzi, kune-sed noma i-awk . (
Uyini umyalo wokubonisa imigqa yokuqala yefayela eyi-10 ku-Linux?
Umyalo wekhanda, njengoba igama lisho, phrinta inombolo ephezulu engu-N yedatha yokokufaka okunikeziwe. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, iphrinta imigqa yokuqala eyi-10 yamafayela ashiwo. Uma kunikezwe igama lefayela elingaphezu kwelilodwa khona-ke idatha evela kufayela ngalinye yandulelwa igama lefayela layo.
Uyibonisa kanjani imigqa yokugcina engu-5 yefayela ku-Unix?
Umsila umyalo ophrinta inombolo yokugcina embalwa yemigqa (imigqa eyi-10 ngokuzenzakalelayo) yefayela elithile, bese iyanqamula. Isibonelo sokuqala: Ngokuzenzakalelayo “umsila” uphrinta imigqa yokugcina eyi-1 yefayela, bese uyaphuma. njengoba ubona, lokhu kuphrinta imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 ye/var/log/messages.
Uyini umyalo we-awk Unix?
Awk ulimi lokubhala olusetshenziselwa ukukhohlisa idatha kanye nokukhiqiza imibiko. Ulimi lokuhlela lomyalo we-awk aludingi ukuhlanganiswa, futhi luvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi asebenzise okuguquguqukayo, imisebenzi yezinombolo, imisebenzi yezintambo, nama-opharetha anengqondo. … I-Awk isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuskena iphethini nokucubungula.
Ungawuthola kanjani umugqa wokuqala ku-Unix?
Yebo, leyo yindlela eyodwa yokuthola umugqa wokuqala wokukhipha emyalweni. Ziningi ezinye izindlela zokuthwebula umugqa wokuqala futhi, kufaka phakathi usho 1q (yeka ngemva komugqa wokuqala), sed -n 1p (phrinta kuphela umugqa wokuqala, kodwa ufunde yonke into), awk 'FNR == 1' (phrinta kuphela umugqa wokuqala, kodwa futhi, funda konke) njll.
Uyibala kanjani imigqa eyingqayizivele ku-Unix?
Ungabonisa kanjani isibalo sezikhathi umugqa owenzeke ngazo. Ukukhipha inani lezenzeko zokusetshenziswa komugqa i -c inketho ngokubambisana ne-uniq. Lokhu kulungiselela inani lenombolo ekuphumeni komugqa ngamunye.
Ngibala kanjani imigqa kutheminali?
Indlela elula kakhulu yokubala inani lemigqa, amagama, nezinhlamvu kufayela lombhalo ukusebenzisa umyalo we-Linux "wc" ku-terminal. Umyalo othi “wc” ngokuyisisekelo usho ukuthi “isibalo samagama” futhi ngamapharamitha azikhethela ahlukene umuntu angawusebenzisa ukubala inani lemigqa, amagama, nezinhlamvu efayeleni lombhalo.
Ubala kanjani imigqa ku-Linux?
Ithuluzi i-wc “ikhawunta yamagama” kumasistimu wokusebenza afana ne-UNIX, kodwa ungaphinda uyisebenzise ukubala imigqa efayeleni ukwengeza inketho -l. i-wc -l foo izobala inani lemigqa ku- foo .
Uyisusa kanjani imigqa eminingi ku-Unix?
Isusa Imigqa Eminingi
- Cindezela ukhiye we-Esc ukuze uye kumodi evamile.
- Beka ikhesa kulayini wokuqala ofuna ukuwususa.
- Thayipha u-5dd bese ucindezela u-Enter ukuze ususe imigqa emihlanu elandelayo.
Ngiyisusa kanjani imigqa embalwa ku-Unix?
Ukukhipha imigqa efayeleni eliwumthombo ngokwalo, sebenzisa inketho ye -i ngomyalo we-sed. Uma ungafisi ukususa imigqa efayelini elingumthombo wangempela ungaqondisa kabusha okukhiphayo komyalo we-sed uye kwelinye ifayela.
Ngiwususa kanjani umugqa wokuqala ku-Unix?
Ukusebenzisa the sed Command
Ukukhipha umugqa wokuqala efayelini lokufaka usebenzisa i-sed command kuqondile kakhulu. Umyalo we-sed esibonelweni esingenhla awunzima ukuwuqonda. Ipharamitha '1d' itshela umyalo we-sed ukuthi usebenzise isenzo 'd' (susa) enombolweni '1'.