Ngiyibona kanjani imigqa yokugcina eyi-100 yefayela ku-Unix?

Ngiyithola kanjani imigqa yokugcina eyi-100 yefayela ku-Unix?

Umyalo womsila uyisisetshenziswa somugqa womyalo wokukhipha ingxenye yokugcina yamafayela anikezwe wona ngokufaka okujwayelekile. Ibhala imiphumela kokuphumayo okujwayelekile. Ngokuzenzakalelayo umsila ubuyisela imigqa eyishumi yokugcina yefayela ngalinye elinikeziwe. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukulandela ifayela ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ubuke njengoba imigqa emisha ibhalwa kulo.

Ngiyibona kanjani imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 yefayela ku-Unix?

I-syntax yomyalo we-Linux tail

Umsila umyalo ophrinta inombolo yokugcina embalwa yemigqa (imigqa eyi-10 ngokuzenzakalelayo) yefayela elithile, bese uyanqamula. Isibonelo sokuqala: Ngokuzenzakalelayo “umsila” uphrinta imigqa yokugcina eyi-1 yefayela, bese uyaphuma. njengoba ubona, lokhu kuphrinta imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 ye/var/log/messages.

Uyifunda kanjani imigqa yokuqala eyi-100 yefayela ku-Unix?

Thayipha umyalo wekhanda olandelayo ukuze ubonise imigqa yokuqala eyi-10 yefayela elibizwa ngokuthi “bar.txt”:

1. ikhanda -10 bar.txt.
2. ikhanda -20 bar.txt.
3. sed -n 1,10p /etc/group.
4. sed -n 1,20p /etc/group.
5. awk 'FNR <= 10' /etc/passwd.
6. awk 'FNR <= 20' /etc/passwd.
7. perl -ne'1..10 bese uphrinta' /etc/passwd.
8. perl -ne'1..20 bese uphrinta' /etc/passwd.

18 unyaka. 2018 г.

Ngiyithola kanjani imigqa yokugcina engu-50 ku-Linux?

Umyalo womsila ubonisa, ngokuzenzakalelayo, imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 yefayela lombhalo ku-Linux. Lo myalo ungaba usizo kakhulu lapho uhlola umsebenzi wakamuva kumafayela okungena. Esithombeni esingenhla ungabona ukuthi imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 yefayela /var/log/messages ikhonjisiwe. Enye inketho ozoyithola iwusizo yi- -f inketho.

Iyiphi inqubo yokubala inani lezinhlamvu nemigqa efayeleni?

Umyalo othi “wc” ngokuyisisekelo usho ukuthi “isibalo samagama” futhi ngamapharamitha azikhethela ahlukene umuntu angawusebenzisa ukubala inani lemigqa, amagama, nezinhlamvu efayeleni lombhalo. Ukusebenzisa i-wc ngaphandle kwezinketho kuzokutholela ukubala kwamabhayithi, imigqa, namagama (inketho -c, -l kanye -w).

Imuphi umyalo osetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa amafayela?

Imuphi umyalo osetshenziswayo ukuze kuboniswe umehluko phakathi kwamafayela? Incazelo: i-diff command isetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa amafayela nokubonisa umehluko phakathi kwawo.

Uyihlanganisa kanjani imigqa yokuqala eyi-10?

ikhanda -n10 igama lefayela | grep ... ikhanda lizokhipha imigqa yokuqala eyi-10 (usebenzisa inketho ethi -n), bese ungaphayipha lokho okukhiphayo ku-grep . Ungasebenzisa umugqa olandelayo: ikhanda -n 10 /path/to/file | grep […]

Ngiwubonisa kanjani umugqa wefayela ku-Unix?

Izihloko ezihlobene Nalesi

1. awk : $>awk '{if(NR==LINE_NUMBER) phrinta $0}' file.txt.
2. sed : $>sed -n LINE_NUMBERp file.txt.
3. ikhanda : $>head -n LINE_NUMBER file.txt | umsila -n + LINE_NUMBER Nansi i-LINE_NUMBER, iyiphi inombolo yomugqa ofuna ukuyiphrinta. Izibonelo: Phrinta umugqa kusuka efayeleni elilodwa.

26 isiqephu. 2017 g.

Ngiwenza kanjani umugqa wokugcina wefayela?

Lokhu ungakuphatha njengohlobo lwethebula, lapho ikholomu yokuqala kuyigama lefayela kanti eyesibili ifana, lapho isihlukanisi sekholomu siwuhlamvu u-':'. Thola umugqa wokugcina wefayela ngalinye (ofakwe igama lefayela). Bese, okukhiphayo kokuhlunga ngokusekelwe kuphethini. Okuhlukile kulokhu kungenziwa nge-awk esikhundleni se-grep.

Ngiwakopisha kanjani amafayela okuqala ayi-10 ku-UNIX?

Kopisha amafayela we-n wokuqala usuka kolunye uhla lwemibhalo uye kolunye

1. thola . – ubuningi 1 -hlobo f | ikhanda -5 | xargs cp -t /target/directory. Lokhu kubukeka kuthembisa, kodwa kwehlulekile ngoba umyalo we-osx cp awubonakali une-. - shintsha.
2. sebenzisa ekucushweni okumbalwa okuhlukile. Lokhu cishe kwehlulekile ezinkingeni ze-syntax ekugcineni kwami ​​: / angikwazanga ukuthola ukukhetha kohlobo lwekhanda kusebenza.

13 isiqephu. 2018 g.

Uwufunda kanjani umugqa wokuqala wefayela kusikripthi segobolondo?

Ukugcina umugqa ngokwawo, sebenzisa i-syntax ye-var=$(command). Kulokhu, umugqa=$(awk 'NR==1 {print; phuma}' ifayela) . Ngomugqa olinganayo=$(sed -n '1p' ifayela) . izoshesha kancane njengoba ukufundwa kuwumyalo owakhelwe ngaphakathi we-bash.

Wenzani umyalo wekati?

Umyalo 'wekati' [okufushane kokuthi “concatenate”] ungomunye wemiyalo esetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Linux nakwamanye amasistimu wokusebenza. Umyalo wekati usivumela ukuthi sakhe amafayela owodwa noma amaningi, ukubuka okuqukethe ifayela, ukuhlanganisa amafayela futhi siqondise kabusha okukhiphayo kusiphetho noma amafayela.

Uyibonisa kanjani imigqa yokugcina engu-5 yefayela ku-Unix?

ikhanda -15 /etc/passwd

Ukuze ubheke imigqa embalwa yokugcina yefayela, sebenzisa umyalo womsila. umsila usebenza ngendlela efanayo neyekhanda: thayipha umsila kanye negama lefayela ukuze ubone imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 yalelo fayela, noma thayipha igama lefayela elithi tail -number ukuze ubone imigqa yenombolo yokugcina yefayela. Zama ukusebenzisa umsila ukuze ubheke imigqa emihlanu yokugcina yakho.

Ngiwukopisha kanjani umugqa wokugcina we-N ku-Linux?

1. ukubala inombolo yemigqa efayeleni, kusetshenziswa `ikati f. txt | wc -l` bese usebenzisa ikhanda nomsila epayipini ukuze uphrinte imigqa yokugcina engu-81424 yefayela (imigqa #totallines-81424-1 kuya ku-#totallines).

Uligcina kanjani ifayela ngokuqhubekayo ku-Linux?

Umyalo womsila uyashesha futhi ulula. Kodwa uma ufuna okungaphezu nje kokulandela ifayela (isb, ukuskrola nokusesha), kusho ukuthi okuncane kungase kube umyalo wakho. Cindezela okuthi Shift-F. Lokhu kuzokuyisa ekupheleni kwefayela, futhi kubonise okuqukethwe okusha ngokuqhubekayo.