Ukuze ubheke imigqa embalwa yokugcina yefayela, sebenzisa umyalo womsila. umsila usebenza ngendlela efanayo neyekhanda: thayipha umsila kanye negama lefayela ukuze ubone imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 yalelo fayela, noma thayipha igama lefayela elithi tail -number ukuze ubone imigqa yenombolo yokugcina yefayela.
Ngiyibona kanjani imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 yefayela ku-Unix?
I-syntax yomyalo we-Linux tail
Umsila umyalo ophrinta inombolo yokugcina embalwa yemigqa (imigqa eyi-10 ngokuzenzakalelayo) yefayela elithile, bese uyanqamula. Isibonelo sokuqala: Ngokuzenzakalelayo “umsila” uphrinta imigqa yokugcina eyi-1 yefayela, bese uyaphuma. njengoba ubona, lokhu kuphrinta imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 ye/var/log/messages.
Ngiyithola kanjani imigqa yokugcina eyi-100 yefayela ku-Unix?
Umyalo womsila uyisisetshenziswa somugqa womyalo wokukhipha ingxenye yokugcina yamafayela anikezwe wona ngokufaka okujwayelekile. Ibhala imiphumela kokuphumayo okujwayelekile. Ngokuzenzakalelayo umsila ubuyisela imigqa eyishumi yokugcina yefayela ngalinye elinikeziwe. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukulandela ifayela ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ubuke njengoba imigqa emisha ibhalwa kulo.
Ngiwubonisa kanjani umugqa osuka efayeleni lombhalo ku-Linux?
Ungabonisa kanjani Imigqa Eqondile Yefayela ku-Linux Command Line
- Khombisa imigqa ethile usebenzisa imiyalo yekhanda nomsila. Phrinta umugqa othize owodwa. Phrinta uhla oluthile lwemigqa.
- Sebenzisa i-SED ukuze ubonise imigqa ethile.
- Sebenzisa i-AWK ukuze uphrinte imigqa ethile efayeleni.
2 авг. 2020 g.
Ngikubuka kanjani ukuphela kwefayela ku-Linux?
Umyalo womsila uyisisetshenziswa esiyinhloko se-Linux esisetshenziselwa ukubuka ukuphela kwamafayela ombhalo. Ungasebenzisa futhi imodi yokulandela ukuze ubone imigqa emisha njengoba yengezwa kufayela ngesikhathi sangempela. umsila ufana nensizakalo yekhanda, esetshenziselwa ukubuka ukuqala kwamafayela.
Ngiyibonisa kanjani imigqa embalwa yokuqala yefayela ku-Unix?
Thayipha umyalo wekhanda olandelayo ukuze ubonise imigqa yokuqala eyi-10 yefayela elibizwa ngokuthi “bar.txt”:
- ikhanda -10 bar.txt.
- ikhanda -20 bar.txt.
- sed -n 1,10p /etc/group.
- sed -n 1,20p /etc/group.
- awk 'FNR <= 10' /etc/passwd.
- awk 'FNR <= 20' /etc/passwd.
- perl -ne'1..10 bese uphrinta' /etc/passwd.
- perl -ne'1..20 bese uphrinta' /etc/passwd.
18 unyaka. 2018 г.
Ngiwubonisa kanjani umugqa wokugcina wefayela?
Ukuze ubheke imigqa embalwa yokugcina yefayela, sebenzisa umyalo womsila. umsila usebenza ngendlela efanayo neyekhanda: thayipha umsila kanye negama lefayela ukuze ubone imigqa yokugcina eyi-10 yalelo fayela, noma thayipha igama lefayela elithi tail -number ukuze ubone imigqa yenombolo yokugcina yefayela. Zama ukusebenzisa umsila ukuze ubheke imigqa emihlanu yokugcina yakho.
Iyiphi inqubo yokubala inani lezinhlamvu nemigqa efayeleni?
Umyalo othi “wc” ngokuyisisekelo usho ukuthi “isibalo samagama” futhi ngamapharamitha azikhethela ahlukene umuntu angawusebenzisa ukubala inani lemigqa, amagama, nezinhlamvu efayeleni lombhalo. Ukusebenzisa i-wc ngaphandle kwezinketho kuzokutholela ukubala kwamabhayithi, imigqa, namagama (inketho -c, -l kanye -w).
Imuphi umyalo osetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa amafayela?
Imuphi umyalo osetshenziswayo ukuze kuboniswe umehluko phakathi kwamafayela? Incazelo: i-diff command isetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa amafayela nokubonisa umehluko phakathi kwawo.
Imuphi umyalo osebenza kahle kakhulu ekuboneni izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafayela?
Bala Inani
| Yimuphi umyalo ongakhishwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuphi uhla lwemibhalo emyalezweni womugqa womyalo? | pwd |
|---|---|
| Imuphi umyalo osebenza kahle kakhulu ekuboneni izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafayela? | Umyalo wefayela |
| Umhleli we-vi uyivula ngayiphi imodi ngokuzenzakalelayo? | umyalo |
Ngingena kanjani emugqeni wefayela ku-Unix?
Uma usuvele uku-vi, ungasebenzisa umyalo we-goto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cindezela u-Esc , thayipha inombolo yomugqa, bese ucindezela u-Shift-g . Uma ucindezela u-Esc bese u-Shift-g ngaphandle kokucacisa inombolo yomugqa, kuzokuyisa kulayini wokugcina efayelini.
Ngilikhombisa kanjani inani lemigqa efayeleni ku-Unix?
Ungabala kanjani imigqa efayeleni ku-UNIX/Linux
- Umyalo othi “wc -l” uma usetshenziswa kuleli fayela, ukhipha isibalo somugqa kanye negama lefayela. $ wc -l file01.txt 5 file01.txt.
- Ukuze ukhiphe igama lefayela kumphumela, sebenzisa: $ wc -l < file01.txt 5.
- Ungakwazi njalo ukunikeza okukhipha umyalo kumyalo we-wc usebenzisa ipayipi. Ngokwesibonelo:
Uwubonisa kanjani umugqa we-nth wefayela ku-Unix?
Ngezansi kunezindlela ezintathu ezinhle zokuthola umugqa we-nth wefayela ku-Linux.
- ikhanda / umsila. Ukusebenzisa nje inhlanganisela yemiyalo yekhanda nomsila cishe kuyindlela elula kakhulu. …
- sed. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezinhle zokwenza lokhu nge-sed. …
- awu. I-awk ine-NR eyakhelwe ngaphakathi egcina umkhondo wezinombolo zemigqa yefayela/yokusakaza.
Ngiwenza kanjani umugqa wokugcina wefayela ku-Linux?
Lokhu ungakuphatha njengohlobo lwethebula, lapho ikholomu yokuqala kuyigama lefayela kanti eyesibili ifana, lapho isihlukanisi sekholomu siwuhlamvu u-':'. Thola umugqa wokugcina wefayela ngalinye (ofakwe igama lefayela). Bese, okukhiphayo kokuhlunga ngokusekelwe kuphethini. Okuhlukile kulokhu kungenziwa nge-awk esikhundleni se-grep.
Imuphi umyalo obizwa ngokuthi ukuphela komyalo wefayela?
I-EOF isho ukuphela Kokuphela Kwefayela. "Ukucupha i-EOF" kulesi simo cishe kusho "ukwenza uhlelo lwazi ukuthi akukho okokufaka okusazothunyelwa".
Ngilibuka kanjani ifayela lokungena?
Ngenxa yokuthi amafayela amaningi elogi aqoshwa ngombhalo ongenalutho, ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yimuphi umhleli wombhalo kuzokwenza kahle ukuwuvula. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, iWindows izosebenzisa i-Notepad ukuvula ifayela elithi LOG lapho uchofoza kabili kulo. Cishe ngokuqinisekile unohlelo lokusebenza oselwekhelwe ngaphakathi noma olufakiwe kusistimu yakho ukuze uvule amafayela E-LOG.