Kusho ukuthini ngesistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile?
Uhlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-Linux luza namathuluzi amaningi, izinhlelo zokusebenza nokunye, futhi lezi nazo ziyimithombo evulekile.
TL;DR isistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile ilapho ikhodi yomthombo ye-os kernel nezinye izingxenye ze-os ifinyeleleka kunoma ubani oyifunayo.
Yiziphi izibonelo zesistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile?
Amasistimu okusebenza omthombo ovulekile
- I-GNU/Linux (izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene noma ukusatshalaliswa kufaka phakathi i-Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Ubuntu kanye ne-Red Hat) - uhlelo lokusebenza.
- I-OpenSolaris - uhlelo lokusebenza.
- I-FreeBSD - uhlelo lokusebenza.
- I-Android - inkundla yomakhalekhukhwini.
Yisiphi kulokhu okulandelayo okuyisibonelo sesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile?
Izibonelo eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yomthombo ovulekile Iseva ye-Apache HTTP, inkundla ye-e-commerce i-osCommerce, iziphequluli ze-inthanethi i-Mozilla Firefox ne-Chromium (iphrojekthi lapho iningi lokuthuthukiswa kwe-freeware Google Chrome lwenziwa) kanye ne-office suite egcwele i-LibreOffice.
Yini izinkundla zomthombo ovulekile?
1) Ngokuvamile, umthombo ovulekile ubhekisela kunoma yiluphi uhlelo olukhodi yalo yomthombo yenziwe yatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe noma ilungiswe njengoba abasebenzisi noma abanye onjiniyela bebona kufanele. Isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile ngokuvamile ithuthukiswa njengokusebenzelana komphakathi futhi yenziwa itholakale mahhala.
Iyiphi kulawa masistimu wokusebenza engumthombo ovulekile?
I-Debian. I-Debian iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala lwe-Unix olufana nomthombo ovulekile, olusuka kuphrojekthi ye-Debian eyasungulwa ngo-1993 ngu-Ian Murdock. Ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqala ezisekelwe ku-Linux ne-FreeBSD kernel. I-Debian inikeza ukufinyelela kumakhosombe aku-inthanethi amaphakheji angaphezu kuka-51,000, wonke ahlanganisa isofthiwe yamahhala.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile?
Nazi ezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile engikholelwa ukuthi umthombo ovulekile unikeza phezu kwezixazululo zobunikazi:
- UKUGUQUKA KANYE NOKUBHALELA.
- ISIVIVINYO.
- UKUSEBENZA KWEZINDLEKO.
- IKHONO LOKUQALA OKUNCANE.
- UKUPHEPHA ULWAZI OLUQINILE.
- KHANGELA IThalente ELIngcono.
- YABELANA NGEZINDLEKO ZOKUKHANDISWA.
- IKUSASA.
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili eziwumthombo ovulekile?
Uhlu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala, zomthombo ovulekile
- I-OpenBSD.
- Linux.
- I-FreeBSD.
- I-NetBSD.
- Ujekamanzi BSD.
- I-Qubes OS.
- Haiku.
- I-ReactOS.
Iyini isistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile we-Android?
I-Android iwuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olwakhiwe i-Google. Isekelwe enguqulweni eguquliwe ye-Linux kernel kanye nenye isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, futhi yakhelwe kakhulukazi amadivayisi eselula esikrini esithintwayo njengama-smartphone namathebulethi. I-Google ikhiphe i-beta yokuqala ye-Android Q kuwo wonke amafoni ePixel ngoMashi 13, 2019.
Ingabe Umthombo Ovulekile umahhala?
Cishe yonke isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile iyisofthiwe yamahhala, kodwa kukhona okuhlukile. Okokuqala, amanye amalayisense omthombo ovulekile anemikhawulo kakhulu, ngakho awafaneleki njengamalayisense amahhala. Isibonelo, i-“Open Watcom” ayimahhala ngoba ilayisense yakhona ayikuvumeli ukwenza inguqulo elungisiwe futhi uyisebenzise ngokuyimfihlo.
Ingabe i-Apple ingumthombo ovulekile?
Ngokomlando, i-Apple ikhulisa isoftware yayo kusuka kumbewu yomthombo ovulekile, kepha abathuthukisi benkampani abavamile ukufaka amakhodi amaningi emuva. Isibonelo esiyinhloko salokhu uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Mac. I-OS X isekelwe ku-Darwin, i-BSD Unix. Lena akuyona indlela ukuthuthukiswa komthombo ovulekile okusebenza ngayo.
Isithombe ku-athikili ka- "Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs" https://dma.wi.gov/DMA/news/2018news/18086