I-inode iwukungena kuthebula le-inode, equkethe ulwazi ( imethadatha ) mayelana nefayela elivamile kanye nohla lwemibhalo.
I-inode iyisakhiwo sedatha kusistimu yefayela yesitayela se-Unix yendabuko njenge-ext3 noma i-ext4.
Iyini i-inode ku-Unix?
I-inode (i-index node) iyisakhiwo sedatha kusistimu yefayela yesitayela se-Unix echaza into yesistimu yefayela njengefayela noma uhla lwemibhalo. I-inode ngayinye igcina izibaluli kanye nendawo ye-disk block yedatha yento. Uhla lwemibhalo luqukethe okufakiwe kwalo, umzali walo, kanye nengane yalo ngayinye.
Ithini incazelo ye-inode ku-Linux?
I-inode iyisakhiwo sedatha ohlelweni lwefayela ku-Linux nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Unix ezigcina lonke ulwazi mayelana nefayela ngaphandle kwegama layo nedatha yalo yangempela. Isakhiwo sedatha siyindlela yokugcina idatha ukuze isetshenziswe kahle.
Ngiyibona kanjani i-inode yefayela ku-Linux?
Inombolo ye-inode igcina lonke ulwazi mayelana nefayela elivamile, umkhombandlela, noma enye into yesistimu yefayela, ngaphandle kwedatha negama layo. Ukuze uthole i-inode, sebenzisa umyalo we-ls noma we-stat.
Uyithola kanjani i-inode?
Ukuze unqume inani lamanje le-inode yezinkomba ku-akhawunti yakho usebenzisa umugqa womyalo, landela lezi zinyathelo:
- Ngena ngemvume ku-akhawunti yakho usebenzisa i-SSH.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhla lwemibhalo yakho yasekhaya, thayipha umyalo olandelayo: cd ~
- Ukuze unqume inani eliphelele le-inode ye-akhawunti yakho, thayipha umyalo olandelayo:
Uyini umkhawulo we-inode we-Linux?
Inode Imikhawulo. I-inode iyisakhiwo sedatha esetshenziselwa ukugcina ulwazi mayelana nefayela ku-akhawunti yakho yokubamba. Inombolo yama-inode ikhombisa inani lamafayela namafolda onawo. Lokhu kubandakanya yonke into eku-akhawunti yakho, ama-imeyili, amafayela, amafolda, noma yini oyigcina kuseva.
Ingakanani i-inode?
Cacisa usayizi we-inode ngayinye ngamabhayithi. i-mke2fs idala ama-inode angama-256-byte ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ezinhlamvini ezingemuva kuka-2.6.10 kanye nezinye izinhlamvu zangaphambili zomthengisi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-inode amakhulu kunamabhayithi angu-128 ukugcina izibaluli ezinwetshiwe zokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. Inani losayizi we-inode kufanele libe amandla angu-2 amakhulu noma alingane no-128.
Iyini inqubo ye-zombie ku-Linux?
Inqubo ye-zombie iyinqubo ukubulawa kwayo kuqediwe kodwa isenokufakwa kuthebula lenqubo. Izinqubo zeZombie zivame ukwenzeka ezinqubweni zengane, njengoba inqubo yomzali isadinga ukufunda isimo sokuphuma kwengane yakhe. Lokhu kwaziwa njengokuvuna inqubo ye-zombie.
Kwenzekani ku-inode lapho ifayela lisuswa?
Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani ngesakhiwo se-inode uma ifayela lomculo.mp3 lisuswa. Kodwa i-inode kanye namabhulokhi lapho idatha igcinwa khona nje imakwe njengengasetshenzisiwe ukuze le nombolo ye-inode kanye namabhulokhi wedatha angasetshenziswa kabusha. Ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukubuyisela kalula idatha, ngolwazi nje oluqukethwe kusakhiwo se-inode.
Kwenzekani ku-inode uma uhambisa ifayela?
Kwenzekani ku-inode lapho uhambisa ifayela ngaphakathi kwesistimu yefayela? I-inode iyisakhiwo sokulawula ifayela. Uma amagama wefayela amabili enenombolo efanayo ye-inode, abelana ngesakhiwo esifanayo sokulawula futhi ayizixhumanisi zefayela elifanayo. Thatha izimvume efayelini zikuvumela ukuthi ubhalele ifayela kodwa ungalisusi.
Ingabe izinombolo ze-inode zihlukile?
Izinombolo ze-inode ziqinisekiswa ukuthi zizohluka kuphela ohlelweni lwefayela (okungukuthi, izinombolo ze-inode ezifanayo zingasetshenziswa izinhlelo zefayela ezihlukene, okuyisizathu sokuthi izixhumanisi eziqinile zingase zingaweli imingcele yesistimu yefayela). Le nkambu iqukethe inombolo ye-inode yefayela. I-ID yeqembu yefayela ingashintshwa kusetshenziswa i-chown(2).
Iyini i-inode ku-Linux nemininingwane eyengeziwe kulokho?
Inombolo ye-Inode iyinombolo ekhona ehlukile yawo wonke amafayela aku-Linux nakuwo wonke amasistimu ohlobo lwe-Unix. Uma ifayela lenziwe ohlelweni, igama lefayela nenombolo ye-Inode yabelwe kulo.
Iyini i-Umask ku-Linux?
Incazelo. Ku-Linux nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Unix, amafayela amasha adalwa ngesethi ezenzakalelayo yezimvume. Ngokukhethekile, izimvume zefayela elisha zingakhawulelwa ngendlela ethile ngokusebenzisa “imaski” yezimvume ebizwa ngokuthi umask. Umyalo we-umask usetshenziselwa ukusetha le maski, noma ukukubonisa inani layo lamanje
Ikhiqizwa kanjani inombolo ye-inode?
inombolo ye-inum noma ye-I-node iyinombolo ehlotshaniswa nefayela. Noma nini lapho ifayela elisha lidalwa, inombolo ephelele eyingqayizivele ikhiqizwa ngokulandelana futhi ihlotshaniswa nefayela. Le nombolo ayilutho ngaphandle kwesikhombi sesakhiwo se-inode esiqukethe idatha yemetha yefayela.
Kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwe-inode?
I-inode iyisakhiwo sedatha esetshenziselwa ukugcina ulwazi mayelana nefayela ku-akhawunti yakho yokubamba. Inombolo yama-inode ikhombisa inani lamafayela namafolda onawo. Lokhu kubandakanya yonke into eku-akhawunti yakho, ama-imeyili, amafayela, amafolda, noma yini oyigcina kuseva.
Agcinwa kuphi ama-inode?
Ulwazi mayelana nefayela lugcinwe kwenye indawo - ku-inode. Kokubili ama-inode namabhulokhi wedatha agcinwa “kusistimu yefayela” okuyindlela ukuhlukaniswa kwediski okuhlelwa ngayo.
Mangaki ama-inode ohlelweni lwefayela?
3 Izimpendulo. I-Ext4 inomkhawulo wethiyori wamafayela ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4, okhawulelwe usayizi wenombolo ye-inode ewusebenzisayo ukukhomba ifayela ngalinye (i-ext4 isebenzisa izinombolo ze-inode ezingu-32). Kodwa-ke, njengoba uJohn esho, i-ext4 yabela amatafula e-inode ngokwezibalo, ngakho-ke umkhawulo wangempela ubekwa lapho kwakhiwa uhlelo lwefayela.
Ingabe i-XFS isebenzisa ama-inode?
Ama-inodes ku-XFS. Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi i-XFS ayinawo umkhawulo we-inode ngendlela eyaziwa ngayo kwezinye izinhlelo zefayela - isebenzisa iphesenti elithile lohlelo lonke lwefayela njengomkhawulo futhi ekusabalaliseni okuningi kungu-25%. Ngakho-ke inani elikhulu lama-inode.
Ithini inombolo ye-inode yohla lwemibhalo?
Ithini inombolo ye-inode ku-Linux? I-inode iwukungena kuthebula le-inode, equkethe ulwazi ( imethadatha ) mayelana nefayela elivamile kanye nohla lwemibhalo. I-inode iyisakhiwo sedatha kusistimu yefayela yesitayela se-Unix yendabuko njenge-ext3 noma i-ext4.
Iyini i-disk inode?
Kuhlelo lwefayela lesitayela se-Unix, i-index node, ebizwa ngokungakahleleki njenge-inode, isakhiwo sedatha esisetshenziselwa ukumela into yesistimu yefayela, okungaba enye yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ifayela noma uhla lwemibhalo. I-inode ngayinye igcina izibaluli kanye nendawo ye-disk block yedatha yento yesistimu yefayela.
Ayini amabhayithi nge-inode ngayinye?
Uma ama-inode esenikeziwe, awukwazi ukushintsha inombolo ngaphandle kokwenza kabusha uhlelo lwefayela. Inombolo ezenzakalelayo yamabhayithi nge-inode ngayinye ingamabhayithi angu-2048 (2 Kbytes), okuthatha isilinganiso sosayizi wefayela ngalinye singama-Kbytes angu-2 noma ngaphezulu.
Ingabe i-inode iqukethe igama lefayela?
ama-inode awanawo amagama wefayela, enye imethadatha yefayela kuphela. Izinkomba ze-Unix ziwuhlu lwezinhlaka zenhlangano, ngayinye equkethe igama lefayela elilodwa nenombolo eyodwa ye-inode.
Liyini igobolondo Lisebenza kanjani ngenhlamvu?
Igobolondo ucezu lwesofthiwe olunikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo kubasebenzisi besistimu yokusebenza enikeza ukufinyelela kumasevisi we-kernel. Igobolondo livumela umsebenzisi ukuthi axhumane ne-kernel kusukela kumugqa womyalo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Umask ne-Ulimit?
I-umask iwuhlobo olufushanisiwe lwemaski yokudala ifayela lomsebenzisi. Umyalo we-umask ungaphinda uguqule izingcezu kumaski uma kunesidingo sokwenza kanjalo. Ngenkathi i-"ulimit" iwumyalo ongaphakathi we-Linux ohlinzeka ngokulawula izinsiza ezitholakala kugobolondo nasezinqubweni eziqalwe yilo.
I-Linux ibala kanjani i-Umask?
Ukuze unqume inani le-umask ofuna ukulisetha, susa inani lezimvume ozifunayo kokuthi 666 (yefayela) noma 777 (ngohla lwemibhalo). Okusele yinani okufanele lisetshenziswe ngomyalo we-umask. Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithi ufuna ukushintsha imodi emisiwe yamafayela ibe ngu-644 ( rw-r–r– ).
Ayini ama-runlevels ku-Linux?
Incazelo yeleveli
- I-runlevel yisimo sokusebenza esisethiwe kusistimu yokusebenza efana ne-Unix.
- Isistimu ingaqaliswa ibe (okungukuthi, iqaliswe ibe) kunoma imaphi amaleveli okugijima amaningana, ngalinye limelelwa inombolo eyidijithi eyodwa.
- Kunomehluko kumaleveli okugijima ngokuya ngesistimu yokusebenza.
Isithombe ku-athikili ngu- "Wikimedia Commons" https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E2fsck-uninit.svg