Ngokusebenzisa inani likasawoti (elikhiqizwa ngokunganaki ngenkathi kwakhiwa amagama ayimfihlo), umhlaseli udinga ukudlula izinhlanganisela ezihlukene zamanani kasawoti kanye neyunithi yezinhlamvu zephasiwedi ukuze aqagele ukuthi yini igama-mfihlo lokuqala. Umhlaseli akakwazi ukuqagela kalula ukuthi abasebenzisi ababili basebenzisa amaphasiwedi afanayo.
Agcinwa kanjani amaphasiwedi ku-Linux?
Kusistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux, ifayela lephasiwedi yesithunzi liyifayela lesistimu lapho iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi yokubethela igcinwa khona ukuze ingatholakali kubantu abazama ukungena ohlelweni. Ngokuvamile, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kuhlanganise namagama-mfihlo, lugcinwa kufayela lesistimu elibizwa ngokuthi /etc/passwd .
Agcinwa kuphi amaphasiwedi ohlelweni lwamafayela e-Linux?
I/etc/passwd ifayela lephasiwedi eligcina i-akhawunti ngayinye yomsebenzisi. Izitolo zefayela /etc/shadow ziqukethe imininingwane yephasiwedi ye-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kanye nemininingwane yokuguga oyikhethayo. Ifayela /etc/group ifayela lombhalo elichaza amaqembu ohlelweni.
Agcinwa kanjani amaphasiwedi?
Izindlela zokulondoloza eziyinhloko zamaphasiwedi umbhalo ongenalutho, i-hashi, i-hashi ne-salted, futhi ibethelwe ngokubuyisela emuva. Uma umhlaseli efinyelela ifayela lephasiwedi, khona-ke uma ligcinwe njengombhalo ongenalutho, akukho ukuqhekeka okudingekayo.
Agcinwa kanjani amaphasiwedi esithunzini njll?
Ifayela /etc/shadow ligcina igama-mfihlo langempela ngefomethi ebethelwe (kakhulu njenge-hashi yephasiwedi) ku-akhawunti yomsebenzisi enezici ezengeziwe ezihlobene nephasiwedi yomsebenzisi. Ukuqonda ifomethi yefayela /etc/shadow kubalulekile kuma-sysadmins nabathuthukisi ukulungisa izinkinga ze-akhawunti yomsebenzisi.
Ngiyithola kanjani iphasiwedi yami yempande ku-Linux?
Ukushintsha i-Root Password ku-CentOS
- Isinyathelo 1: Finyelela kumugqa womyalo (Itheminali) Chofoza kwesokudla ideskithophu, bese uchofoza kwesokunxele okuthi Vula ku-Terminal. Noma, chofoza u-Menu > Izinhlelo zokusebenza > Izinsiza > Isikhumulo.
- Isinyathelo sesi-2: Shintsha iphasiwedi. Emyalweni, thayipha okulandelayo, bese ucindezela u-Enter: sudo passwd root.
22 okthoba. 2018 g.
Ngiyithola kanjani iphasiwedi yami ku-terminal ye-Linux?
Qalisa itheminali usebenzisa i-Ctrl + Alt + T. Qalisa i-“sudo visudo” bese ufaka iphasiwedi uma utshelwa (Lesi yisikhathi sokugcina lapho ungeke ukwazi ukubona izinkanyezi zephasiwedi ngenkathi uthayipha).
Ithini ifayela le-passwd ku-Linux?
Ngokwesiko, i-Unix isebenzisa /etc/passwd ifayela ukulandelela wonke umsebenzisi ohlelweni. Ifayela /etc/passwd liqukethe igama lomsebenzisi, igama langempela, imininingwane kamazisi, kanye nemininingwane ye-akhawunti eyisisekelo yomsebenzisi ngamunye. Umugqa ngamunye efayeleni uqukethe irekhodi lesizindalwazi; izinkambu zerekhodi zihlukaniswa ikholoni (:).
Ngingena kanjani njengempande ku-Linux?
Udinga ukusebenzisa noma imuphi umyalo olandelayo ukuze ungene njengomsebenzisi omkhulu / umsebenzisi wempande ku-Linux: su umyalo - Qalisa umyalo ngendawo yomsebenzisi ne-ID yeqembu ku-Linux. umyalo we-sudo - Yenza umyalo njengomunye umsebenzisi ku-Linux.
Bakuphi abasebenzisi abagcinwe ku-Linux?
Wonke umsebenzisi kusistimu ye-Linux, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idalwe njenge-akhawunti yomuntu wangempela noma ehlotshaniswa nesevisi ethile noma umsebenzi wesistimu, igcinwa efayeleni elibizwa ngokuthi "/etc/passwd". Ifayela elithi "/etc/passwd" liqukethe ulwazi mayelana nabasebenzisi ohlelweni. Umugqa ngamunye uchaza umsebenzisi ohlukile.
Ungakwazi ukungibonisa wonke amaphasiwedi ami alondoloziwe?
Ukuze ubuke amaphasiwedi owalondolozile, vakashela ku-passwords.google.com. Lapho, uzothola uhlu lwama-akhawunti anamagama ayimfihlo alondoloziwe. Qaphela: Uma usebenzisa umushwana wokungena wokuvumelanisa, ngeke ukwazi ukubona amaphasiwedi akho kuleli khasi, kodwa ungabona amaphasiwedi akho kuzilungiselelo ze-Chrome.
Ngiwathola kanjani wonke amaphasiwedi ami?
i-Google Chrome
- Iya kunkinobho yemenyu ye-Chrome (phezulu kwesokudla) bese ukhetha Izilungiselelo.
- Ngaphansi kwesigaba sokugcwalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo, khetha Amagama-mfihlo. Kule menyu, ungabona wonke amaphasiwedi akho alondoloziwe. Ukuze ubuke iphasiwedi, chofoza inkinobho yokubonisa iphasiwedi (isithombe sebhola leso). Uzodinga ukufaka iphasiwedi yekhompyutha yakho.
Angena kanjani amagama ayimfihlo?
Ukugebenga iphasiwedi, okokuqala umhlaseli uzolanda ithuluzi lokuhlasela lesichazamazwi. Lolu cezu lwekhodi luzozama ukungena izikhathi eziningi ngohlu lwamaphasiwedi. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukushicilela amaphasiwedi ngemuva kokuhlasela okuyimpumelelo. Ngenxa yalokho, kulula ukuthola uhlu lwamaphasiwedi ajwayelekile ngosesho olulula lwe-Google.
Ithini inkambu yesine yefayela le-passwd le-ETC?
Inkambu yesine emugqeni ngamunye, igcina i-GID yeqembu eliyinhloko lomsebenzisi. Imininingwane yeqembu ye-akhawunti yomsebenzisi igcinwa kufayela /etc/group ngokuhlukana. Njengegama lomsebenzisi, igama leqembu lihlotshaniswa ne-GID ehlukile. Ngokufanayo ne-UID, i-GID iyinani eliphelele lamabhithi angu-32.
Kuyini * emthunzini njll?
Uma inkambu yephasiwedi iqukethe inkanyezi ( * ) noma iphoyinti lesibabazo ( ! ), umsebenzisi ngeke akwazi ukungena kusistimu esebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwephasiwedi. Ezinye izindlela zokungena ezinjengokuqinisekisa okusekelwe kukhiye noma ukushintshela kumsebenzisi zisavunyelwe.
Yenzani i-ETC shadow?
Ifayela /etc/shadow ligcina igama-mfihlo langempela ngefomethi ebethelwe kanye nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene namagama-mfihlo njengegama lomsebenzisi, usuku lokugcina lokushintsha iphasiwedi, amanani okuphelelwa yisikhathi kwephasiwedi, njll,. Kuyifayela lombhalo futhi lifundeka kuphela umsebenzisi oyimpande ngakho-ke lingaphansi kwengozi yokuvikeleka.