Kusistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux, ifayela lephasiwedi yesithunzi liyifayela lesistimu lapho iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi yokubethela igcinwa khona ukuze ingatholakali kubantu abazama ukungena ohlelweni. Ngokuvamile, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kuhlanganise namagama-mfihlo, lugcinwa kufayela lesistimu elibizwa ngokuthi /etc/passwd .
Liyini ifayela lokungena?
Ifayela lephasiwedi
Ifayela elithi /etc/passwd liyi isizindalwazi esisekelwe embhalweni solwazi olumayelana nabasebenzisi abangangena ohlelweni noma okunye ubunikazi bomsebenzisi besistimu yokusebenza abangabanikazi bezinqubo ezisebenzayo. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zokusebenza leli fayela lingesinye seziphetho ezingasemuva zesevisi yegama le-passwd elivamile.
Iqukethe ini ifayela le-passwd?
I-UNIX isebenzisa /etc/passwd ifayela ukugcina umkhondo wabo bonke abasebenzisi ohlelweni. Ifayela /etc/passwd liqukethe igama lomsebenzisi, igama langempela, ulwazi lokuhlonza, kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-akhawunti lomsebenzisi ngamunye. Umugqa ngamunye efayeleni uqukethe irekhodi lesizindalwazi; izinkambu zerekhodi zihlukaniswa ikholoni (:).
Lisetshenziselwa ini njll ifayela lokudlula?
Ngokwesiko, ifayela /etc/passwd lisetshenziselwa landelela wonke umsebenzisi obhalisiwe okwazi ukufinyelela isistimu. Ifayela elithi /etc/passwd liyifayela elihlukaniswe ngekholoni eliqukethe ulwazi olulandelayo: Igama lomsebenzisi. Iphasiwedi ebethelwe.
Agcinwa kanjani amaphasiwedi ku-Linux?
Kusistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux, ifayela lephasiwedi yesithunzi liyifayela lesistimu lapho iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi yokubethela igcinwa khona ukuze ingatholakali kubantu abazama ukungena ohlelweni. Ngokujwayelekile, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, okuhlanganisa namagama ayimfihlo, lugcinwa kufayela lesistimu elibizwa / njll / passwd .
Isebenza kanjani i-passwd ku-Linux?
passwd umyalo ku-Linux ngu esetshenziswa ukushintsha amaphasiwedi e-akhawunti yomsebenzisi. Umsebenzisi wempande ugodla ilungelo lokushintsha iphasiwedi yanoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ohlelweni, kuyilapho umsebenzisi ovamile angashintsha kuphela iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti ye-akhawunti yakhe.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-passwd ne-passwd?
/etc/passwd- is isipele se-/etc/passwd igcinwe amanye amathuluzi, bheka ikhasi lendoda. Kukhona futhi /etc/shadow- ngokuvamile, ngenjongo efanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokubheka ukuphuma komyalo diff /etc/passwd{,- } embuzweni wakho, akukho okubonakala kufishane. Othile (noma okuthile) ushintshe igama lomsebenzisi wakho we-mysql.
Ngisifunda kanjani isimo sami sokungena?
Ulwazi lwesimo luqukethe izinkambu eziyisi-7. Inkambu yokuqala igama lokungena lomsebenzisi. Inkambu yesibili ikhombisa uma ngabe i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi ine-password ekhiyiwe (L), ayinayo iphasiwedi (NP), noma ine-password esebenzisekayo (P). Inkambu yesithathu inikeza idethi yokugcina yokushintshwa kwephasiwedi.
Yini ongayenza ukuze uthuthukise ukuphepha kwamafayela ephasiwedi agcinwe ku-Linux?
Ukuphathwa kwephasiwedi ye-Linux
- Shintsha iphasiwedi. passwd [igama lomsebenzisi]
- Shintsha iphasiwedi nge-stdin. echo “Okunye_STRONG_PASSWORD” | passwd -stdin impande.
- Khiya futhi uvule iphasiwedi. passwd -l [igama lomsebenzisi] passwd -u [igama lomsebenzisi]
- Amafayela. …
- Kungani ifayela /etc/shadow? …
- Shintsha imbobo. …
- Ama-firewall. …
- Fail2Ban.
Uyini umyalo we-Usermod ku-Linux?
umyalo we-usermod noma uguqule umsebenzisi umyalo ku-Linux osetshenziswa ukushintsha izakhiwo zomsebenzisi ku-Linux ngomugqa womyalo. Ngemva kokudala umsebenzisi kufanele ngezinye izikhathi siguqule izici zabo ezifana nephasiwedi noma uhla lwemibhalo lokungena njll. … Ulwazi lomsebenzisi lugcinwa kumafayela alandelayo: /etc/passwd.
Kungani i- etc passwd world ifundeka?
Ezinsukwini zakudala, ama-OS afana ne-Unix, kuhlanganise ne-Linux, ngokuvamile ayegcina amagama ayimfihlo ku-/etc/passwd. Lelo fayela belifundeka umhlaba wonke, futhi namanje lisafundeka, ngoba liqukethe ulwazi oluvumela ukwenza imephu ngokwesibonelo phakathi kwama-ID wabasebenzisi bezinombolo namagama abasebenzisi.
Isebenza kanjani i-grep ku-Linux?
I-Grep iwumyalo we-Linux / Unix-ithuluzi lomugqa elisetshenziselwa ukucinga uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu efayeleni elishiwo. Iphethini yokusesha umbhalo ibizwa ngokuthi isisho esivamile. Uma ithola okufanayo, iphrinta umugqa nomphumela. Umyalo we-grep uyasebenza lapho usesha amafayela amakhulu welogi.
Ngibabhala kanjani abasebenzisi ku-Linux?
Ukuze ufake ohlwini abasebenzisi ku-Linux, kufanele khipha umyalo "wekati" kufayela elithi "/etc/passwd".. Lapho wenza lo myalo, uzokwethulwa ngohlu lwabasebenzisi olutholakalayo njengamanje ohlelweni lwakho. Kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa umyalo othi "okuncane" noma "okuningi" ukuze uzulazule phakathi kohlu lwegama lomsebenzisi.