ื”ื™ื™ื ยป ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก

Ubuntu ืื•ืŸ Debian Linux ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืคึผื ืคึผืึทืงื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–?

ื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜

Install a Package from the Local Filesystem

ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ ื ืึธื˜ืขืก
ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ / ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• sudo dpkg -i package.deb
sudo apt-get install -y gdebi && sudo gdebi package.deb Installs and uses gdebi to install package.deb and retrieve any missing dependencies.
ืกืขื ื˜ืึธืก sudo yum install package.rpm
ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท sudo dnf install package.rpm

2 ืžืขืจ ืจืึธื•ื–

ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ .ื“ืขื‘ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ "ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง-ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ" ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื‘ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ dpkg ืึธื“ืขืจ gdebi ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœืœืขืจ.

ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท. ื“ืขื‘ ื˜ืขืงืข:

  • ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ sudo dpkg -i /path/to/deb/file ื ืื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš sudo apt-get install -f.
  • ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ sudo apt install ./name.deb (ืึธื“ืขืจ sudo apt install /path/to/package/name.deb).
  • ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื’ื“ืขื‘ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ .ื“ืขื‘ ื˜ืขืงืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืขืก (ืจืขื›ื˜ ื’ื™ื˜ -> ืขืคึฟืŸ ืžื™ื˜).

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

A package manager or package-management system is a collection of software tools that automates the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, and removing computer programs for a computerโ€™s operating system in a consistent manner.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ apt get ืื•ืŸ yum?

ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข, ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ "ื™ืึทื ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ" ืึธื“ืขืจ "ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง-ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ" ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜. Yum ืจื™ืคืจื™ืฉื™ื– ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื™ื˜ apt-get ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ 'apt-get update' ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ื– ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท ื“ืขื‘ ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ?

ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ. ื“ืขื‘ ืคึผืขืงืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœ. ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ Ubuntu ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ืจื”, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื“ืึทืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื•ืขื’ Ctrl + Alt + T. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืคึผืงื’ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึท. ื“ืขื‘ ืคึผืขืงืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื–ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืงืึทื’ืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืžืึทื ื™ื•ืึทืœื™

  1. ืฉืจื™ื˜ 1: ืขืคึฟืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœ, ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืงื˜ืจืœ + ืึทืœื˜ + ื˜.
  2. ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ 2: ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™. ื“ืขื‘ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.
  3. ืฉืจื™ื˜ 3: ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืื™ื– ืกื•ืคึผืขืจื•ืกืขืจ.

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท .RUN ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ .run ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•:

  • ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ (ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก >> ืึทืงืกืขืกืกืึธืจื™ืขืก >> ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœ).
  • ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ .ืจื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข.
  • ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ *.run ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึทืคึผ, ื˜ื™ืคึผ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ.
  • ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื˜ื™ืคึผ chmod + x filename.run ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท .ืฉ ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืฉืจื™ืคื˜

  1. ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ. ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜.
  2. ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื™ื˜ .ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜.
  3. ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ.
  4. ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ chmod + x .
  5. ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ./ .

ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ RPM ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ -U ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข:

  • rpm -U filename.rpm. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ mlocate RPM ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ, ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ:
  • rpm -U mlocate-0.22.2-2.i686.rpm.
  • rpm -Uhv mlocate-0.22.2-2.i686.rpm.
  • rpm -e ืคึผืขืงืœ_ื ืึทืžืข.
  • rpm -qa.
  • rpm โ€“qa | ืžืขืจ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

Common types of Linux packages include .deb, .rpm, and .tgz. Since Linux packages do not usually contain the dependencies necessary to install them, many Linux distributions use package managers that automatically read dependencies files and download the packages needed before proceeding with the installation.

How install packages in Linux?

3 ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืœืืงืืœืข ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ (.DEB) ืคึผืึทืงื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–

  1. ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ Dpkg Command. ื“ืคึผืงื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืžื™ื ื˜.
  2. ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ Apt Command.
  3. ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ Gdebi Command.

What is RPM and DEB in Linux?

Distros. ื“ื™ .ื“ืขื‘ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ (ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•, ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืžื™ื ื˜, ืืื–"ื• ื•). ื“ื™ .ืจืคึผื ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืคึฟืจื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื”ืึทื˜ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจืึธืก (ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท, ืกืขื ื˜ืึธืก, ืจื”ืขืœ) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขื ืกื•ืกืข ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจืึธ.

ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื™ืึทื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

3 ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก. ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜. yum ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ RHEL-ื“ืขืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื“ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท, ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคื™ื™ื™ืง ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ืจืขืคึผืึธ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืงืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืึทืœืœ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื™ืึทื ืคึผืขืงืœ?

YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ-ืฉื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืคึผื (ืจืขื“ื”ืึทื˜ ืคึผืึทืงืงืึทื’ืข ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืจ) ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ Yum ืื•ืŸ RPM ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ YUM ืื•ืŸ RPM ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื– YUM ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืš ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืจืคึผื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ YUM ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ RPM ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

ืฉืจื™ื˜ 1: ืขืคึฟืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœ, ืคืจืขืžื“ ืคึผืขืงืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ.

  • sudo apt-get install alien. ืฉืจื™ื˜ 2: ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ.
  • ืกื•ื“ืึธ ืคืจืขืžื“ rpmpackage.rpm. ืฉืจื™ื˜ 3: ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืคึผืงื’.
  • sudo dpkg -i rpmpackage.deb. ืึธื“ืขืจ.
  • ืกื•ื“ืึธ ืคืจืขืžื“ -ืื™ืš rpmpackage.rpm.

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืงื•ืจ

  1. ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ.
  2. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ cd ืฆื• ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืงืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท README ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜.
  3. ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื–. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– tar.gz, ื ื•ืฆืŸ tar xvzf PACKAGENAME.tar.gz.
  4. ./configure.
  5. ืžืึทื›ืŸ.
  6. sudo ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ tar gz ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขืงืข *.tar.gz, ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ:

  • ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ื–.
  • ื˜ื™ืคึผ: tar -zxvf file.tar.gz.
  • ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืข ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ / ืึธื“ืขืจ README ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื–.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ AppImage ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืคึผื™ืžืึทื’ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก.

  1. ืืจืืคืงืืคื™ืข .ืึทืคึผืคึผื™ืžืึทื’ืข ืคึผืขืงืœ.
  2. ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืจืขื›ื˜ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ >> ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก >> ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ >> ืงื•ืง "ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืข ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื.
  3. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื.

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

ื’ืขืงื™: ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ื”ืื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ APT. ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ (Ctrl + Alt + T) ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ sudo apt-get install . ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืจืึธื•ื ื˜ื™ืคึผ sudo apt-get install chromium-browser. SYNAPTIC: ืกื™ื ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ื™ื™ืง.

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

ืื™ืŸ Ubuntu Unity, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Ubuntu ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก ืฆื• ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ืขืก:

  • ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ Ubuntu ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ.
  • ืงื•ืง ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’.
  • ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึธื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื ืขืจืก ืฆื• ืึทืงืกืขืก ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’.
  • ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ rpm ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

RPM(Redhat Package Manager) is a command line package management utility used for installing, uninstalling, updating, querying and verifying software packages. Some of the RPM Based Linux Distros are Redhat, Centos, Fedora, and OpenSuse.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืึท RPM ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ / ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืจืคึผื ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจืขืขื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืึธื•ื– / ืžืขืง / ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก

  1. RPM ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ Red Hat Package Manager. ืื™ืฆื˜, ืจืคึผื ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.
  2. ื’ืจื™ื ื’ 7-ื–ื™ืคึผ ืืจืืคืงืืคื™ืข ืœื™ื ืงืก:
  3. ืฆื• ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืึท RPM ืคึผืขืงืœ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืึธืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ rpm2cpio.
  4. ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ rpm2cpio ืื•ื™ืฃ CentOS ืื•ืŸ Fedora.
  5. ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ rpm2cpio ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•.
  6. ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืจืคึผื ื˜ืขืงืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ RPM ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ื ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ RPM ื˜ืขืงืข ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ืจืขื“ ื”ืึทื˜ ืคึผืึทืงืงืึทื’ืข ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ืจืคึผื ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ, ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ "ืคึผืึทืงื™ื“ื–ืฉื“" ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ?

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก

  • ืขืคึฟืŸ ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก -> ืึทืงืกืขืกืกืึธืจื™ืขืก -> ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœ.
  • ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ .ืฉ ื˜ืขืงืข. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ls ืื•ืŸ cd ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื–. ls ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœื“ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืข. ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืขืก: ื˜ื™ืคึผ "ls" ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ.
  • ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ .ืฉ ื˜ืขืงืข. ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ script1.sh ืžื™ื˜ ls ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืขื: ./script.sh.

ื•ื•ื• ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ืœืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ื•ืึทืœื™ (ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ apt, yum, pacman) ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ /usr/local. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– (ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืขืŸ) ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืกืึทื‘-ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ืŸ /usr/local ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื™ืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ /usr/local/openssl.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ?

ืงืึทืฅ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืงืึทื˜ืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืขืก, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ tar gz ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก?

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืงื•ืจ

  1. ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ.
  2. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ cd ืฆื• ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืงืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท README ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜.
  3. ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื–. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– tar.gz, ื ื•ืฆืŸ tar xvzf PACKAGENAME.tar.gz.
  4. ./configure.
  5. ืžืึทื›ืŸ.
  6. sudo ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•?

ืฆื• ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื ื•ืฆืŸ "CD .." ืฆื• ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง), ื ื•ืฆืŸ "CD -" ืฆื• ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ื“ืจืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• . ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื ื•ืฆืŸ "cd / var / ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•" ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ / ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•ื• ืกื•ื‘ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ / var /.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึท .ืฉ ื˜ืขืงืข?

ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื˜ื™ืคึผ cd ~/path/to/the/extracted/folder ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ โ†ต ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ. ื˜ื™ืคึผ chmod + x install.sh ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ โ†ต ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ . ื˜ื™ืคึผ sudo bash install.sh ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ โ†ต ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ.

ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื“ื•ืจืš "ะ’ะธะบะธะฟะตะดะธะฐ" https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BE

ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ? ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืขื ื“ื–:
ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ
ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก
ืื™ื– ื”ื™ืคึผืขืจื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ Windows 10?
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื”ื™ืคึผืขืจื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ Windows 10, ื“ื™ Windows 10 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’
ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก
ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ Windows 8?
ืžืึทืš ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืงืจืึทืŸ, ืจืขื›ื˜ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ
ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก
ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื ืึธืš ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ?
ืฆื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœ Windows ื ืึธืš ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ? ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™
ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก
ืคืจืื’ืข: ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืจื•ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜?
ืคื™ืœืข ืึทื ื“ืจื•ื™ื“ ืคืึธื ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขืžื‘ืขื“ื™ื“ ื™ื ืคืจืขืจืขื“ "ื‘ืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจ" ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข
OS ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืงื™ื›ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก.