Ngaloo ndlela, i-kernel iqalisa izixhobo, inyusa indlela yefayile yengcambu echazwe ngumlayishi wesiqalo njengoko ifundwa kuphela, kwaye iqhuba Init ( /sbin/init ) echongwe njengenkqubo yokuqala eqhutywa yinkqubo (PID = 1). Umyalezo uprintwa yi kernel ekunyuseni isixokelelwano sefayile, kwaye nge Init ekuqaliseni inkqubo ye Init.
Yeyiphi inkqubo yokuqala eqhutywa yiLinux kernel?
I-Linux kernel iyasebenza kuyo njengenkqubo yokuqala; init ke iyasebenza, ngokusebenzisa izikripti ezahlukeneyo, ezinye iinkqubo. Inkqubo ye-dmesg sisixhobo sokuxilonga somsebenzisi kunye nolwazi olungeyonxalenye yokuqalisa. Inkqubo ye-rc siskripthi ezinye iinguqulelo ze-init zifowuna ngexesha lolandelelwano lokuqalisa kodwa ayisiyiyo inkqubo yokuqala eqhutywa yi-kernel.
Ithini iodolo yenkqubo yokuqalisa iLinux?
Kwi-Linux, kukho izigaba ezi-6 ezahlukileyo kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuqalisa.
- BIOS. I-BIOS imele iSiseko seNgeniso/yeZiphumezo. …
- MBR. I-MBR imele iNgxelo yokuQalisa eyiNtloko, kwaye inoxanduva lokulayisha nokwenza i-GRUB umlayishi wesiqalo. …
- GRUB. …
- I-Kernel. …
- Kuyo. …
- Iinkqubo zokuqhuba.
Yintoni iLinux kernel Yenzelwe ntoni kwaye isetyenziswa njani kulandelelwano lwesiqalo?
I-Kernel : Igama elithi Kernel ngundoqo wenkqubo yokusebenza ebonelela ngokufikelela kwiinkonzo kunye nehardware. Ngoko umlayishi we-boot ilayisha "imifanekiso ye-initramfs" enye okanye emininzi kwimemori yenkqubo. [ initramfrs: yokuqala RAM Disk], Ikernel isebenzisa "initramfs"ukufunda abaqhubi kunye neemodyuli ezifunekayo zokuqalela inkqubo.
Ngawaphi amanqanaba okuqhuba ahlukeneyo kwiLinux?
Umphakamo wokuqhuba sisimo sokusebenza kwindlela yokusebenza esekwe kwi-Unix kunye ne-Unix esekwe kwangaphambili kwi-Linux-based system.
...
inqanaba lokubaleka.
| Inqanaba lokuqhuba 0 | ivala inkqubo |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba lokuqhuba 1 | imowudi yomsebenzisi omnye |
| Inqanaba lokuqhuba 2 | Imowudi yabasebenzisi abaninzi ngaphandle kothungelwano |
| Inqanaba lokuqhuba 3 | imowudi yabasebenzisi abaninzi ngothungelwano |
| Inqanaba lokuqhuba 4 | ichazwe ngumsebenzisi |
Yeyiphi inombolo yenkqubo 1 kuqalo lweLinux?
ukusukela kuyo yayiyinkqubo yoku-1 eza kuphunyezwa yi Linux Kernel, inenkqubo ye id (PID) ka 1. Yenza i 'ps -ef | grep init' kwaye ujonge i-pid. i-initrd imele i-Initial RAM Disk. i-initrd isetyenziswa yi-kernel njengendlela yefayile yengcambu yethutyana de i-kernel iqalwe kwaye inkqubo yefayile yengcambu yokwenyani inyusiwe.
Leliphi inqanaba lokugqibela lenkqubo yokuqalisa iLinux?
Inkqubo yokuqalisa iyaphela kanye i-systemd ilayisha zonke iidaemoni kwaye icwangcisa itekeni okanye ixabiso lenqanaba lokuqhuba. Kungokunje ucelwa ukuba usebenzise igama lakho lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha apho ufumana khona ukungena kwindlela yakho yeLinux.
Leliphi inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokuqalisa?
Inyathelo lokuqala layo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuqalisa ukusebenzisa amandla kumatshini. Xa umsebenzisi evula ikhompyutha, uthotho lweziganeko luqala oluphela xa inkqubo yokusebenza ifumana ulawulo ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuqalisa kwaye umsebenzisi ukhululekile ukuba asebenze.
Iphi ifayile ye-init kwiLinux?
Ngamagama alula indima ye-init kukudala iinkqubo ukusuka kwiscript esigcinwe kwi ifayile /etc/inittab eyifayile yoqwalaselo ezakusetyenziswa yinkqubo yokuqalisa. Linyathelo lokugqibela lolandelelwano lwe-kernel boot. /etc/inittab Ikhankanya ifayile yolawulo lwe init.
Yintoni i-rc script kwiLinux?
Imekobume yesoftware yeSolaris ibonelela ngothotho oluneenkcukacha zolawulo lokuqhuba (rc) izikripthi zokulawula utshintsho lwenqanaba lokuqhuba. Inqanaba lokuqhuba ngalinye linombhalo we-rc onxulumeneyo obekwe kwi/sbin ulawulo: rc0.
Yintoni etc init kwiLinux?
/etc/init. d iqulathe izikripti ezisetyenziswe yiNkqubo V init izixhobo (SysVinit). Le yile iphakheji yolawulo lwenkonzo yemveli ye Linux, equlathe inkqubo ye init (uqhubekeko lokuqala oluqhutywayo xa ikernel igqibile ukundulula¹) kunye nezinye izakhiwo ukuqalisa nokumisa iinkonzo kwaye uziqwalasele.