Amagama okugqithisa ngokwesiko agcinwa kwifayile /etc/passwd kwifomati efihliweyo (kungoko igama lefayile).
Agcinwa phi amagama ayimfihlo afihliweyo kwiLinux?
Kwinkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux, ifayile yegama eliyimfihlo yesithunzi yifayile yenkqubo apho igama eliyimfihlo lomsebenzisi ligcinwa khona ukuze lingafumaneki kubantu abazama ukungena kwinkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kubandakanywa amagama ayimfihlo, lugcinwa kwifayile yenkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi /etc/passwd .
Yeyiphi ifayile equlathe amagama ayimfihlo afihliweyo kubasebenzisi abakwinkqubo?
Ifayile /etc/shadow igcina iirekhodi malunga neephasiwedi ezifihliweyo zabasebenzisi, kunye nolunye ulwazi olunxulumene namagama ayimfihlo.
Agcinwa phi amagama ayimfihlo e-Unix?
Amagama okugqithisa kwi-unix ekuqaleni agcinwe kwi /etc/passwd (efundekayo kwihlabathi), kodwa emva koko ihanjiswe ku /etc/shadow (kwaye ixhaswe kwi /etc/shadow-) enokufundwa kuphela ngengcambu (okanye amalungu iqela lethunzi). I-password ifakwe ityuwa kwaye i-hashed.
Ubonisa njani igama eliyimfihlo elifihliweyo kwiLinux?
Unokwenza eli gama lokugqithisa lifihliweyo ngomyalelo we-openssl passwd. Umyalelo we-openssl passwd uzakuvelisa iihashe ezininzi ezahlukileyo zegama lokugqitha elifanayo, kuba oku kusebenzisa ityuwa. Le tyuwa inokukhethwa kwaye ibonakala njengeempawu ezimbini zokuqala ze-hash.
Agcinwa njani amagama ayimfihlo kwiLinux Yintoni enokuthatha ngomhlaseli ukufumana amagama ayimfihlo omsebenzisi weLinux?
Ngokusebenzisa ixabiso letyuwa (eliveliswa ngokungacwangciswanga ngelixa lisenza amagama ayimfihlo), umhlaseli kufuneka agqithe kwindibaniselwano yamaxabiso etyuwa kunye nomtya wegama lokugqitha ukuqikelela ukuba yintoni igama eliyimfihlo. Umhlaseli akanakuqikelela ngokulula ukuba abasebenzisi ababini basebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo afanayo.
Akhawuleza njani amagama agqithisiweyo eLinux?
Kunikezelo lwe-Linux amagama ayimfihlo aqhele ukuheshwa kwaye agcinwe kwifayile /etc/shadow usebenzisa i-MD5 algorithm. … Kungenjalo, i-SHA-2 iqulathe imisebenzi ye-hash emine eyongezelelweyo enedigests ezingama-224, 256, 384, kunye nama-512 bits.
Agcinwa njani amagama ayimfihlo kwisithunzi njl.njl?
Ifayile /etc/shadow igcina igama eligqithisiweyo lokwenyani kwifomathi efihliweyo (efana ne-hash yegama eligqithisiweyo) kwiakhawunti yomsebenzisi eneempawu ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nephasiwedi yomsebenzisi. Ukuqonda /njl/ifomati yefayile yesithunzi kubalulekile kwii-sysadmins kunye nabaphuhlisi ukulungisa imiba yeakhawunti yomsebenzisi.
Yintoni amagama ayimfihlo anethunzi?
Amagama agqithisiweyo esithunzi sisongezo sokungena ukhuseleko kwiinkqubo ze-Unix. … Ukuvavanya igama lokugqitha, inkqubo ifihla igama eligqithisiweyo elinikiweyo “ngesitshixo” esifanayo (ityuwa) elasetyenziswa ukufihla igama eliyimfihlo eligcinwe kwifayile /etc/passwd (ityuwa isoloko inikwa njengoonobumba ababini bokuqala begama lokugqitha. ).
Yintoni i-password salting?
Ukugalela ityiwa ludibaniso nje olulodwa, uluhlu lwamagama olungakhethiyo olwaziwa kuphela kwisiza kwigama lokugqitha ngalinye phambi kokuba likhawuleze, le "tyiwa" ibekwa phambi kwegama ngalinye lokugqitha. Ixabiso letyuwa kufuneka ligcinwe sisiza, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ngamanye amaxesha iisayithi zisebenzisa ityuwa efanayo kwi-password nganye.
Yintoni igama lokugqithisa le-Unix?
i-passwd ngumyalelo kwi-Unix, iSicwangciso sesi-9, i-Inferno, kunye neendlela ezininzi zokusebenza ezifana ne-Unix ezisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha igama lokugqitha lomsebenzisi. Igama eligqithisiweyo elifakwe ngumsebenzisi liqhutywa ngomsebenzi ophambili wokukhupha ukwenza uguqulelo olukhawulezayo lwegama eligqithisiweyo elitsha, eligciniweyo.
Agcinwa phi amagama ayimfihlo akhawulezayo?
Ukufumana iPassword Hashes
Ukuze uqhekeze amagama agqithisiweyo kufuneka uqale ufumane i-hashes egcinwe ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokusebenza. Ezi hashes zigcinwe kwifayile ye-SAM yeWindows. Le fayile ikwisixokelelwano sakho kwi-C:WindowsSystem32config kodwa ayifikeleleki ngelixa isixokelelwano sokusebenza siqaliswa phezulu.
Ulibeka njani igama lokugqitha kwi Unix?
Okokuqala, ngena kwiseva yeUNIX usebenzisa i-ssh okanye ikhonsoli. Vula umyalelo weqokobhe kwaye uchwetheze i-passwd umyalelo wokutshintsha ingcambu okanye naliphi na igama eligqithisiweyo lomsebenzisi kwi-UNIX. Owona myalelo wokutshintsha igama lokugqitha lomsebenzisi wengcambu kwi UNIX yingcambu ye sudo passwd. Ukutshintsha eyakho i-password kwi-Unix sebenzisa i-passwd.
Ndingayibhala njani ifayile ekhuselweyo yegama eliyimfihlo?
Ukusuka kwizixhobo isithuba khetha ukhetho Fihla. Kwibhokisi yencoko yababini evulayo khetha ifayile(ii) onqwenela ukuyifihla kwaye ucofe Vula. Ngenisa igama eligqithisiweyo oza kulisebenzisa ukucima ifayile kamva kwindawo ethi Ngenisa igama lokugqitha. Phinda igama lokugqithisa kwindawo yokuqinisekisa igama lokugqitha.
Ndiyicacisa njani imiyalezo efihliweyo?
Xa ufumana umbhalo ofihliweyo okanye uvule ikhonkco elifutshane, yenza enye yezi zilandelayo: Yiya ku-https://encipher.it kwaye uncamathisele umyalezo (okanye ucofe nje ikhonkco elifutshane) Sebenzisa ibhukhimakhi okanye ukhuphele ulwandiso lweChrome ukuze uguqule umyalezo. kwi-Gmail okanye kwenye i-webmail. Khuphela uguqulelo lwedesktop ukuze uguqule iifayile.
Ndiyenza njani i-password efihliweyo?
Iinkcukacha zenqaku
- Yenza igama lokugqithisa elifihliweyo usebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo we-bash: echo -n ${USERPASSWORD}${USERNAME} | md5sum.
- Khuphela i-checksum ebonisa emva kokwenza umyalelo kwinyathelo loku-1.
- Ngenisa i-PSQL ngokukhawuleza njengomsebenzisi womlawuli.
- Qhuba YENZA INDIMA yovavanyo NGEPASSWORD 'md5 '
2 июн. Ngo-2018