shadow yifayile equlathe ulwazi lokugqitha kwiiakhawunti zesixokelelwano kunye nolwazi olukhethwayo lokuguga. Le fayile kufuneka ingafundeki ngabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-password luza kugcinwa.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-passwd kunye nesithunzi kwi-Linux?
Umahluko omkhulu kukuba ziqulethe iingceba ezahlukeneyo zedatha. i-passwd iqulathe ulwazi lwabasebenzisi bakawonke-wonke (UID, igama elipheleleyo, ulawulo lwasekhaya), ngelixa Isithunzi siqulethe igama eliyimfihlo elikhawulezayo kunye nedatha yokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Kuthetha ukuthini kwifayile yesithunzi?
Njengoko inokufundwa kolu xwebhu lulandelayo, “!!” kwi-akhawunti yokungena kwisithunzi kuthetha iakhawunti yomsebenzisi yenziwe, kodwa ayikanikwa gama lokugqitha. Ide inikwe igama lokugqitha lokuqala yi sysadmin, itshixiwe ngokungagqibekanga.
Yeyiphi ifomathi yefayile yesithunzi?
The /etc/shadow ifayile igcina igama eligqithisiweyo lokwenyani kwifomati efihliweyo (ngaphezulu njenge-hash yegama lokugqitha) yeakhawunti yomsebenzisi eneempawu ezongezelelweyo eziyelelene nephasiwedi yomsebenzisi. Ukuqonda /njl/ifomati yefayile yesithunzi kubalulekile kwi-sysadmins kunye nabaphuhlisi ukulungisa imiba yeakhawunti yomsebenzisi.
I-ETC shadow isetyenziselwa ntoni?
/etc/shadow isetyenzisiwe ukwandisa inqanaba lokhuseleko lwamagama ayimfihlo ngokunqanda bonke abasebenzisi kodwa abanethamsanqa elikhulu ukufikelela kwidatha yephasiwedi ekhawulezileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, loo datha igcinwa kwiifayile ezizezakhe kwaye zifikeleleke kuphela ngumsebenzisi ophezulu.
Yintoni ifayile yokugqitha kwiLinux?
Ifayile /etc/passwd igcina ulwazi oluyimfuneko, ebifuna ngexesha lokungena. Ngamanye amazwi, igcina ulwazi lweakhawunti yomsebenzisi. I/etc/passwd yifayile yokubhaliweyo engenanto. Iqulethe uluhlu lwee-akhawunti zenkqubo, inika iakhawunti nganye ulwazi oluluncedo olufana ne-ID yomsebenzisi, i-ID yeqela, ulawulo lwasekhaya, iqokobhe, nokunye.
Ingaba i-ETC shadow iqulathe ntoni?
Ifayile yesibini, ebizwa ngokuthi "/etc/shadow", iqulethe igama eliyimfihlo elifihliweyo kunye nolunye ulwazi olufana namaxabiso okuphelelwa kwexesha le-akhawunti okanye igama lokugqitha, njl. Ifayile /etc/shadow ifundeka kuphela yingcambu yeakhawunti kwaye ngoko ingaphantsi komngcipheko wokhuseleko.
Yintoni iPwconv kwiLinux?
Umyalelo we pwconv yenza isithunzi ukusuka kwi-passwd kunye nesithunzi esikhoyo ngokukhetha. pwconv kunye negrpconv ziyafana. Okokuqala, amangeno akwifayile enomthunzi angekhoyo kwifayile ephambili ayasuswa. Emva koko, amangeniso anomthunzi angenayo `x' njengegama lokugqitha kwifayile engundoqo ayahlaziywa.
Kuthetha ukuthini isithunzi?
1: kufutshane kakhulu nedolophu ebekwe emthunzini weentaba zeRocky. 2 : kwindawo yokungahoywa kuba yonke i attention inikwa omnye umntu ukhule emthunzini ka sisi wakhe uthandwa kakhulu.
Ndibadwelisa njani abasebenzisi kwiLinux?
Ukuze udwelise abasebenzisi kwiLinux, kufuneka wenze njalo yenza umyalelo "wekati" kwifayile "/etc/passwd".. Xa uphumeza lo myalelo, uya kunikwa uluhlu lwabasebenzisi abakhoyo ngoku kwindlela yakho. Kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa "ngaphantsi" okanye "ngaphezulu" umyalelo ukuze ujikeleze kuluhlu lomsebenzisi.
Zenziwa njani izithunzi?
Izithunzi zenziwe ngenxa yokuba ukukhanya kuhamba kwimigca ethe tye. … Izithunzi ziyakhiwa xa into okanye i-opaque ibekwe kwindlela yemitha yokukhanya. Isixhobo se-opaque asivumeli ukukhanya kudlule kuyo. Imitha yokukhanya ehamba ngaphaya kwemida yezinto zenza ulwandlalo lwesithunzi.
Isebenza njani ifayile yesithunzi kwiLinux?
Iifayile ze/etc/shadow zigcina igama lokugqithisa lokwenyani kwifomati efihliweyo kunye nolunye ulwazi olunxulumene namagama ayimfihlo njengegama lomsebenzisi, umhla wokugqibela wokutshintsha ipaswedi, amaxabiso okuphelelwa kwexesha lokugqitha, njl. Yifayile yokubhaliweyo kwaye ifundeka kuphela ngumsebenzisi wengcambu kwaye ngoko ingaphantsi komngcipheko wokhuseleko.