Icandelo eliphambili kwi-Linux Virtual Server yimodyuli ye-ip_vs kernel, ephumeza ulungelelwaniso lomthwalo kumaleko wothutho we-Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) imodeli.
Umlinganisi womthwalo, obonelela ngeenkonzo ze-ip_vs, ukwabizwa ngokuba ngumlawuli.
Yintoni iLayer 4 yokulinganisa umthwalo?
Yintoni umaleko wesi-4 wokulinganisa umthwalo? Uluhlu lwe-4 lomthwalo-balancer luthatha isigqibo somzila ngokusekelwe kwi-IPs kunye ne-TCP okanye i-UDP port. Inombono wepakethi yetrafikhi etshintshiweyo phakathi komxhasi kunye nomncedisi okuthetha ukuba kuthatha izigqibo ipakethe ngepakethi. Umaleko wesi-4 udibaniso lusekiwe phakathi komxhasi kunye nomncedisi.
Uthini umahluko phakathi komaleko wesi-4 kunye nomaleko wesi-7?
Umahluko phakathi koMaleko wesi-4 kunye noMaleko wesi-7 wokuLinganisa uMlayisho. Umaleko wesi-7 wokulinganisa umthwalo usebenza kwinqanaba eliphezulu lesicelo, elijongene nomxholo onguwo womyalezo ngamnye. I-HTTP yeyona ndlela iphambili yeLayer 7 yetrafikhi yewebhusayithi kwi-Intanethi.
Yintoni uLeya 4 indlela?
I-router ye-4 ye-router, ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi i-NAT ene-port kunye nolwazi lokuthengiselana, ngokuqhelekileyo yenza uhlobo loguqulelo lwe-port lokuthumela iipakethi ezingenayo kumatshini omnye okanye ngaphezulu ezifihliweyo emva kwedilesi ye-IP enye. "Uluhlu lwe-4" lubhekisela kuluhlu lwe-4 okanye umaleko wezothutho wemodeli ye-OSI.
Yintoni i-l3 yokulinganisa umthwalo?
Umthwalo wokulinganisa kukusasaza inani elikhulu lezicelo kwiiseva ezahlukeneyo, ukukhulula umthwalo womncedisi omnye. I-L3 / L4 Load Balancer: ithrafikhi ihanjiswa ngedilesi ye-IP kunye ne-port. I-L3 ngumaleko womnatha (IP).
Yintoni isixhobo seLayer 3?
Nantoni na ethunyelwa ngesixhobo esinye ithunyelwa kuzo zonke izixhobo. Ukutshintsha kweLayer 3 sisixhobo esisebenza kakhulu kuthungelwano lwendlela. I-router isebenza kunye needilesi ze-IP kumaleko 3 wemodeli. Umaleko wesi-3 wothungelwano lwakhelwe ukuba luqhube phezu komaleko wesi-2 wothungelwano. Kwinethiwekhi ye-IP ye-IP, inxalenye ye-IP yedathagram kufuneka ifundwe.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweNqanaba lesi-2 kunye neNqanaba lesi-3?
Umahluko ophambili phakathi koLuleko lwesi-2 kunye noLuleko lwesi-3 ngumsebenzi womzila. Oko kuthetha ukuba, i-Layer 3 iswitshi inetafile yedilesi ye-MAC kunye netafile yendlela ye-IP, kwaye iphatha unxibelelwano lwe-intra-VLAN kunye neepakethi ezihamba phakathi kweeVLAN ezahlukeneyo ngokunjalo. Iswitshi eyongeza kuphela indlela emileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yiLayer 2+ okanye iLayer 3 Lite.
Yintoni isixhobo seLayer 7?
Ukutshintsha kweLayer 7 sisixhobo sothungelwano esidityaniswe neendlela kunye nokutshintsha amandla. Iyakwazi ukudlula i-traffic kwaye yenze izigqibo zokuthumela kunye neendlela kwisantya se-Layer 2, kodwa isebenzisa ulwazi olusuka kwi-Layer 7 okanye kwi-application layer.
Yintoni i-l7 yokulinganisa umthwalo?
Kwi-Layer 4, i-balancer yomthwalo ibonakala kwiinkcukacha zenethiwekhi ezifana nezibuko zesicelo kunye neprotocol (TCP / UDP). KuLuhlu lwesi-7, isilinganisi somthwalo sinolwazi ngesicelo kwaye sinokusebenzisa olu lwazi olongezelelweyo lwesicelo ukwenza izigqibo ezintsonkothileyo nezinolwazi lokulinganisa umthwalo.
UGoogle uluphatha njani ulungelelwaniso lomthwalo?
Umthwalo wesiphathi sikaGoogle ulungelelanisa ngendlela efanayo neenethiwekhi ngokwenza ngokuqesha isiseko esiqhagamshelweyo esisasaza ngokulinganayo i-traffic. Kwimeko kaGoogle oku kuthetha ukuba lihlala likhula inani lamaziko edatha ajongana nokukhangela indawo ethile.
Yintoni utshintsho lweLayer 3 kuthungelwano?
Isitshixo seLayer 3 sisixhobo esikhethekileyo sehardware esisetyenziswa kumzila womnatha. Zombini zinokuxhasa iiprothokholi zomzila ezifanayo, zihlole iipakethi ezingenayo kwaye zenze izigqibo eziguquguqukayo zomzila ngokusekwe kumthombo kunye needilesi zokuyiwa ngaphakathi.
Ngaba i-UDP ngumaleko wesi-4?
Uluhlu lwesi-4 lubonelela ngomninimzi ukuya kumgcini okanye ukuhanjiswa kokuphela kwedatha kunye neenkonzo zonxibelelwano kwizicelo ezisebenzisa ulwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo lwemodeli yeOSI. Ezinye iiprothokholi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiOSI Layer 4 zezi: IProtocol yeDathagram yomsebenzisi (UDP) UDP Lite.
Ngowuphi umaleko weHTTP?
I-HTTP ngumaleko wesicelo olandelwayo owenziwe ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-Internet protocol suite. Inkcazo yayo ithatha iprotocol esisiseko kunye nethembekileyo yomaleko wothutho, kunye neProtocol yoLawulo loThutho (TCP) isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. I-HTTP/1.1 luhlaziyo lwe-HTTP yokuqala (HTTP/1.0).
Yintoni i-f5 yokulinganisa umthwalo?
I-balancer yomthwalo sisixhobo esisebenza njenge-proxy ebuyela umva kwaye isasaze inethiwekhi okanye i-traffic yesicelo kwinani leeseva. Izilinganisi zomthwalo we-4 zisebenza kwidatha efunyenwe kuthungelwano kunye neeprothokholi zothutho zothutho (IP, TCP, FTP, UDP).
Yintoni i-TCP yokulinganisa umthwalo?
I-balancer yomthwalo we-TCP luhlobo lwe-balancer yomthwalo osebenzisa i-protocol yokulawula ukuhanjiswa (i-TCP), esebenza kwinqanaba le-4 - uluhlu lwezothutho - kwiinkqubo ezivulekileyo ze-interconnection (OSI) imodeli. I-TCP traffic inxibelelana kwinqanaba eliphakathi phakathi kweprogram yesicelo kunye neprotocol ye-intanethi (IP).
Uluphumeza njani ulungelelwaniso lomthwalo?
Ukulinganisa umthwalo yindlela yokusasaza imisebenzi kwiikhompyuter ezininzi. Umzekelo, ukuhambisa izicelo ze-HTTP ezingenayo (imisebenzi) yesicelo sewebhu kwiiseva ezininzi zewebhu. Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo zokuphumeza ukulinganisa umthwalo. Ndiza kuchaza ezinye izicwangciso zokulinganisa umthwalo oqhelekileyo kwesi sicatshulwa.
Yintoni iVLAN yeLayer 3?
I-Vlan ngumaleko wesi-2. Kanye njengesango kwi-subnet vlans inokuba ne-SVI (ujongano olutshintshiweyo olubonakalayo) olusebenza njengesango. umaleko wayo virtual 3 izibuko. inokuhambisa itrafikhi ukuya ngaphakathi/ngaphandle kwe-vlan. Ithegi yeVlan ikumaleko wesi-2 ngoko ngokulula akunakubakho naluphi na uluvo lomaleko 3 vlan.
Yintoni utshintsho lweLayer 2 kunye neLayer 3?
Isishwankathelo. Ukutshintsha ngokwemveli kusebenza kwi-2 yemodeli ye-OSI, apho iipakethi zithunyelwa kwi-port ethile yokutshintsha ngokusekelwe kwiidilesi ze-MAC. Umzila usebenza kumaleko 3, apho iipakethi zithunyelwa kwidilesi ethile ye-IP elandelayo, ngokusekelwe kwidilesi ye-IP.
Kutheni ndifuna umaleko wesi-3 sokutshintsha?
Kutheni usebenzisa iswitshi yeLayer 3? Izitshixo zomaleko ezi-3 zenza ukusetyenziswa kothungelwano lwengingqi lwengingqi (VLANs) kunye nendlela ye-interVLAN lula kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Benza iiVLANs zibe lula ukuqwalasela, kuba i-router eyahlukileyo ayifuni phakathi kweVLAN nganye; zonke iindlela zingenziwa ngqo kwiswitshi.
Uluseta njani utshintsho lweLayer 3?
Imiyalelo ngamanyathelo ngamanyathelo
- Yenza umzila kwiswitshi ngomyalelo we-ip womzila.
- Qaphela iiVLAN ofuna ukuya kuzo.
- Sebenzisa i show vlan umyalelo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba iiVLAN zikhona kwi VLAN database.
- Qwalasela iidilesi ze-IP ofuna ukwabela ujongano lweVLAN ekutshintsheni.
Ngaba uLeya 3 lutshintsha umzila?
Ngokubanzi, iiswitshi zeLayer 3 zikhawuleza kunee-router, kodwa zihlala zingenazo ezinye zezinto eziphambili zokusebenza kweerotha. Ngokukodwa, i-router sisixhobo esihambisa iipakethi kwindawo yazo. Ngale ndlela, iswitshi yeLayer 3 inokuhambisa iipakethi ngokukhawuleza kunomzila.
Yeyiphi imisebenzi emithathu yokutshintsha kuLuhlu lwesi-2?
ImiSebenzi emithathu yoTshintsho kwiNqanaba 2. Kukho imisebenzi emithathu eyahlukileyo yokutshintshwa kwe-2 (kufuneka ukhumbule oku!): ukufunda idilesi, izigqibo zangaphambili / zokucoca, kunye nokuphepha kwe-loop.
Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabalinganisi bomthwalo?
I-Elastic Load Balancing ixhasa ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zabalinganisi bomthwalo: I-Application Load Balancers, iNetwork Load Balancers, kunye neClassic Load Balancers. Iinkonzo ze-Amazon ECS zingasebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lokulinganisa umthwalo. I-Application Load Balancers isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa i-HTTP/HTTPS (okanye iLayer 7) itrafikhi.
Isebenza njani iNetwork Load Balancing?
Umsebenzi weNethiwekhi yokuLawulwa kweNgcaciso (NLB) isasaza itrafikhi kuzo zonke iiseva ezininzi ngokusebenzisa iTCP/IP networking protocol. Ngokudibanisa iikhomputha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezisebenzisa usetyenziso zibe liqela elilodwa lenyani, i-NLB ibonelela ngokuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kweeseva zewebhu kunye nezinye iiseva ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Uyenza njani i-network load balancing?
INethiwekhi yokuLinganisa umthwalo (Ngokhetho)
- Ukumisela ulungelelwaniso lomthwalo:
- Inyathelo 1: Vula uMphathi woThungelwano loLawulo loThutho kwimenyu 'yeZixhobo' yoMphathi weSeva.
- Inyathelo 2: KuMphathi woThungelwano loThutho loThutho yenza iqela elitsha: Iqela > Entsha.
- Inyathelo 3: KwiQela elitsha: Qhagamshela ifestile ngenisa idilesi ye-IP yeseva yangoku kwindawo yoMamkeli kwaye ucofe Qhagamshela.
Isebenza njani ukukhuphela i-SSL?
Ukukhutshwa kwe-SSL kusebenza ngokuhambisa inkqubo ye-SSL ukusuka kumncedisi weWebhu oyintloko ukuya kwesinye isixhobo se-SSL esilungiselelwe ukucubungula le datha ngokukhawuleza. Esi sixhobo siqhuba zombini uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwe-SSL kunye noguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo-imisebenzi emibini ekholisa ukugrumba iSeva yeWebhu engundoqo.
Yintoni i-VIP yokulinganisa umthwalo?
IP ye-Virtual (VIP) ngumzekelo wokulinganisa umthwalo apho ihlabathi likhomba izikhangeli zalo ukuya kwindawo. I-VIP inedilesi ye-IP, ekufuneka ifumaneke esidlangalaleni ukuze isetyenziswe. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-TCP okanye inombolo ye-UDP ye-port idibene ne-VIP, njenge-TCP port 80 ye-traffic web.
Yintoni iGoogle Load Balancer?
ULungelelaniso loMthwalo waNgaphakathi lukuvumela ukuba wakhe iinkonzo zangaphakathi ezongezelekayo nezifumanekayo kakhulu ukwenzela iimeko zabaxumi bakho bangaphakathi ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba izikali zomthwalo wakho ziboniswe kwi-intanethi. I-GCP Internal Load Balancing iyilwe kusetyenziswa iAndromeda, iqonga le-software ye-Google echazwe kwinethiwekhi.
Ifoto kwinqaku elithi "Wikipedia" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching