Ngokusebenzisa ixabiso letyuwa (eliveliswa ngokungacwangciswanga ngelixa lisenza amagama ayimfihlo), umhlaseli kufuneka agqithe kwindibaniselwano yamaxabiso etyuwa kunye nomtya wegama lokugqitha ukuqikelela ukuba yintoni igama eliyimfihlo. Umhlaseli akanakuqikelela ngokulula ukuba abasebenzisi ababini basebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo afanayo.
Agcinwa njani amagama ayimfihlo kwiLinux?
Kwinkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux, ifayile yegama eliyimfihlo yesithunzi yifayile yenkqubo apho igama eliyimfihlo lomsebenzisi ligcinwa khona ukuze lingafumaneki kubantu abazama ukungena kwinkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kubandakanywa amagama ayimfihlo, lugcinwa kwifayile yenkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi /etc/passwd .
Agcinwa phi amagama agqithisiweyo kwinkqubo yefayile yeLinux?
I/etc/passwd yifayile yegama eliyimfihlo egcina iakhawunti yomsebenzisi ngamnye. Iifayile ze/etc/shadow zigcina iinkcukacha zephasiwedi yeakhawunti yomsebenzisi kunye nolwazi olukhethwayo lokuguga. Ifayile ye/etc/group yifayile yokubhaliweyo echaza amaqela akwisixokelelwano.
Agcinwa njani amagama ayimfihlo?
Ezona ndlela zokugcinwa kwamagama ayimfihlo zizicatshulwa ezicacileyo, ihashi, ihashi kunye netyuwa, kwaye iguqulelwe ngokuntsonkothileyo. Ukuba umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela kwifayile yegama eligqithisiweyo, ngoko ukuba igcinwe njengombhalo ocacileyo, akukho mfuneko yokuqhekeka.
Agcinwa njani amagama ayimfihlo kwisithunzi njl.njl?
Ifayile /etc/shadow igcina igama eligqithisiweyo lokwenyani kwifomathi efihliweyo (efana ne-hash yegama eligqithisiweyo) kwiakhawunti yomsebenzisi eneempawu ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nephasiwedi yomsebenzisi. Ukuqonda /njl/ifomati yefayile yesithunzi kubalulekile kwii-sysadmins kunye nabaphuhlisi ukulungisa imiba yeakhawunti yomsebenzisi.
Ndiyifumana njani igama lam eligqithisiweyo lengcambu kwiLinux?
Ukutshintsha iPassword yengcambu kwiCentOS
- Inyathelo 1: Fikelela kumgca woMyalelo (iTheminali) Cofa ekunene kwi-desktop, emva koko ucofe ekhohlo Vula kwiSitena. Okanye, cofa i-Menu> Ii-Aplikheshini> Izinto eziluncedo> I-terminal.
- Inyathelo 2: Guqula igama lokugqithisa. Kwixesha elikhawulezayo, chwetheza oku kulandelayo, uze ucinezele Ngena: sudo passwd root.
22 окт. Ngo-2018 г.
Ndilifumana njani igama lam lokugqitha kwitheminali yeLinux?
Qalisa i-terminal usebenzisa i-Ctrl + Alt + T. Qhuba “sudo visudo” kwaye ngenisa igama lokugqitha xa ucelwa (Eli lixesha lokugqibela awuzukubona igama lokugqitha ngeenkwenkwezi ngelixa uchwetheza).
Yintoni ifayile yokugqitha kwiLinux?
Ngokwesiko, i-Unix isebenzisa ifayile /etc/passwd ukugcina umkhondo wabo bonke abasebenzisi kwinkqubo. Ifayile /etc/passwd iqulethe igama lomsebenzisi, igama lokwenyani, ulwazi lokuzazisa, kunye nolwazi olusisiseko lweakhawunti kumsebenzisi ngamnye. Umgca ngamnye kwifayile uqulethe irekhodi yedatha; amasimi erekhodi ahlulwe yikholoni (:).
Ndingena njani njengengcambu kwiLinux?
Kufuneka usebenzise nawuphi na lo myalelo ulandelayo ukungena njengomsebenzisi ophezulu / ingcambu yomsebenzisi kwi-Linux: su umyalelo-Sebenzisa umyalelo ngendawo yomsebenzisi kunye ne-ID yeqela kwi-Linux. sudo umyalelo-Phuma umyalelo njengomnye umsebenzisi kwiLinux.
Baphi abasebenzisi abagcinwe kwiLinux?
Wonke umsebenzisi kwinkqubo ye-Linux, nokuba yenziwe njenge-akhawunti yomntu wokwenyani okanye ehambelana nenkonzo ethile okanye umsebenzi wenkqubo, igcinwa kwifayile ebizwa ngokuba "/etc/passwd". Ifayile "/etc/passwd" iqulethe ulwazi malunga nabasebenzisi kwinkqubo. Umgca ngamnye uchaza umsebenzisi owahlukileyo.
Ungandibonisa onke amagama am ayimfihlo agciniweyo?
Ukujonga amagama ogqithisiweyo owagcinileyo, yiya ku-passwords.google.com. Apho, uya kufumana uluhlu lweeakhawunti ezinamagama ayimfihlo agciniweyo. Qaphela: Ukuba usebenzisa ibinzana lokugqithisa longqamaniso, awuzukwazi ukubona amagama ayimfihlo kweli phepha, kodwa unokuwabona amagama ayimfihlo kwiisetingi zeChrome.
Ndizifumana njani zonke iipassword zam?
Google Chrome
- Yiya kwiqhosha lemenyu yeChrome (phezulu ekunene) kwaye ukhethe Useto.
- Ngaphantsi kwecandelo lokuZigcwalisa, khetha amagama okugqithisa. Kule menyu, unokubona onke amagama agqithisiweyo agciniweyo. Ukujonga igama lokugqitha, cofa kwiqhosha lokubonisa igama lokugqitha (umfanekiso webhola yeliso). Kuya kufuneka ufake igama lokugqitha lekhompyuter yakho.
Iiphasiwedi ziqhekezwa njani?
Ukugqekeza igama eliyimfihlo, kuqala umhlaseli uya kudla ngokukhuphela isixhobo sohlaselo lwesichazi-magama. Eliqhekeza lekhowudi lizakuzama ukungena ngamaxesha amaninzi ngoluhlu lwamagama agqithisiweyo. Abaduni bahlala bepapasha amagama ayimfihlo emva kohlaselo oluyimpumelelo. Ngenxa yoko, kulula ukufumana uluhlu lwamagama ayimfihlo aqhelekileyo ngophendlo olulula lukaGoogle.
Ithini indawo yesine yefayile ye-passwd ye-ETC?
Indawo yesine kumgca ngamnye, igcina i-GID yeqela eliphambili lomsebenzisi. Ulwazi lweqela leakhawunti yomsebenzisi lugcinwa kwifayile/etc/group file ngokwahlukeneyo. Njengegama lomsebenzisi, igama leqela likwanxulunyaniswa ne-GID eyodwa. Ngokufanayo ne-UID, i-GID yi-32 bits inani elipheleleyo.
Yintoni * ekwisithunzi njl.njl?
Ukuba umhlaba wegama lokugqitha uqulathe asterisk ( * ) okanye inqaku lesikhuzo ( ! ), umsebenzisi akazukwazi ukungena kwindlela esebenzisa uqinisekiso lwegama lokugqitha. Ezinye iindlela zokungena ezinje ngoqinisekiso olusekwe kwisitshixo okanye ukutshintshela kumsebenzisi zisavumelekile.
Senza ntoni isithunzi se-ETC?
Ifayile /etc/shadow igcina igama eliyimfihlo kwifomati efihliweyo kunye nolunye ulwazi olunxulumene namagama ayimfihlo njengegama lomsebenzisi, umhla wokugqibela wokutshintsha igama eliyimfihlo, amaxabiso okuphelelwa kwexesha lokugqitha, njl. Yifayile yokubhaliweyo kwaye ifundeka kuphela ngumsebenzisi wengcambu kwaye ngoko ingaphantsi komngcipheko wokhuseleko.