Umahluko omkhulu kukuba ziqulethe iingceba ezahlukeneyo zedatha. I-passwd iqulethe ulwazi lwabasebenzisi bakawonke-wonke (i-UID, igama elipheleleyo, ulawulo lwasekhaya), ngelixa isithunzi siqulethe igama eliyimfihlo elikhawulezayo kunye nedatha yokuphelelwa kwexesha lokugqitha.
Yintoni etc isithunzi?
/etc/passwd yi isetyenziselwa ukugcina ulwazi lomsebenzisi, njengegama, iqokobhe, ulawulo lwasekhaya, olo hlobo lwento. /etc/shadow kulapho amagama ayimfihlo omsebenzisi agcinwa khona ngendlela engafundekiyo yehlabathi, ifomathi efihliweyo.
Yintoni ifayile yesithunzi sokugqithisa?
Kwinkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux, ifayile yegama eliyimfihlo yesithunzi ifayile yenkqubo apho igama eliyimfihlo lomsebenzisi ligcinwa khona ukuze zingafumaneki ebantwini abazama ukungena kwinkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kuquka amagama ayimfihlo, lugcinwa kwifayile yenkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi /etc/passwd .
Yintoni ifayile yokugqitha?
Ngokwesiko, ifayile /etc/passwd i isetyenziselwa ukugcina umkhondo womsebenzisi ngamnye obhalisiweyo onokufikelela kwisixokelelwano. Ifayile /etc/passwd yifayile eyahlulwe ngekholoni equlethe olu lwazi lulandelayo: Igama lomsebenzisi. Igama lokugqitha elifihliweyo. … Inombolo yeID yeqela labasebenzisi (GID)
I-ETC shadow isetyenziselwa ntoni?
/etc/shadow isetyenzisiwe ukwandisa inqanaba lokhuseleko lwamagama ayimfihlo ngokunqanda bonke abasebenzisi kodwa abanethamsanqa elikhulu ukufikelela kwidatha yephasiwedi ekhawulezileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, loo datha igcinwa kwiifayile ezizezakhe kwaye zifikeleleke kuphela ngumsebenzisi ophezulu.
Isetyenziselwa ntoni etc passwd?
Ngokwemveli, ifayile /etc/passwd isetyenziselwa gcina umkhondo womsebenzisi ngamnye obhalisiweyo onokufikelela kwisistim. Ifayile /etc/passwd yifayile eyahlulwe ngekholoni equlethe olu lwazi lulandelayo: Igama lomsebenzisi. Igama lokugqitha elifihliweyo.
Yeyiphi ifomathi yefayile yesithunzi?
The /etc/shadow ifayile igcina igama eligqithisiweyo lokwenyani kwifomati efihliweyo (ngaphezulu njenge-hash yegama lokugqitha) yeakhawunti yomsebenzisi eneempawu ezongezelelweyo eziyelelene nephasiwedi yomsebenzisi. Ukuqonda /njl/ifomati yefayile yesithunzi kubalulekile kwi-sysadmins kunye nabaphuhlisi ukulungisa imiba yeakhawunti yomsebenzisi.
Kuthetha ukuthini * kwifayile yesithunzi?
Indawo yegama lokugqitha eqala ngophawu lwesikhuzo ithetha ukuba igama lokugqitha litshixiwe. Oonobumba abaseleyo emgceni bamele indawo yegama lokugqitha phambi kokuba igama eligqithisiweyo litshixiwe. Ngoko* kuthetha ukuba akukho gama liyimfihlo linokusetyenziswa ukufikelela kwi-akhawunti, kwaye!
Ndiyifunda njani imeko yam yokugqitha?
Ulwazi lobume lubandakanya iindawo ezisi-7. Indawo yokuqala ligama lokungena lomsebenzisi. Intsimi yesibini ibonisa ukuba i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi ine-password evaliweyo (L), ayinayo i-password (NP), okanye ine-usable password (P). Indawo yesithathu inika umhla wokutshintsha kwegama lokugqitha lokugqibela.
Uphi etc Sudoers?
Ifayile ye-sudoers ikhona / njl / sudoers . Kwaye akufanele uhlele ngokuthe ngqo, kufuneka usebenzise umyalelo we-visudo. Lo mgca uthetha: Umsebenzisi wengcambu unokuphumeza kuzo ZONKE iitheminali, zisebenza njengabo BONKE (nasiphi) abasebenzisi, kwaye sebenzisa BONKE (nawuphi na) umyalelo.
Isebenza njani ipasswd kwiLinux?
passwd umyalelo kwi Linux yi isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha igama lokugqitha leakhawunti yomsebenzisi. Umsebenzisi wengcambu unelungelo lokutshintsha igama lokugqitha kuye nawuphi na umsebenzisi kwinkqubo, ngelixa umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo unokutshintsha kuphela igama lokugqitha leakhawunti yakhe.
Kutheni ihlabathi etc passwd lifundeka?
Kwiintsuku zakudala, ii-OS ezifana ne-Unix, kuquka i-Linux, ngokubanzi zonke zazigcina amagama ayimfihlo kwi/etc/passwd. Loo fayile yayifundeka kwihlabathi, kwaye isenjalo, kuba iqulethe ulwazi oluvumela ukwenziwa kwemephu umzekelo phakathi kweID zamanani zabasebenzisi kunye namagama abasebenzisi.
Yintoni umyalelo we-Usermod kwiLinux?
Umyalelo we usermod okanye uguqule umsebenzisi yi Umyalelo kwi Linux osetyenziswa ukutshintsha iipropati zomsebenzisi kwi Linux ngelayini yomyalelo. Emva kokudala umsebenzisi kufuneka ngamanye amaxesha sitshintshe iimpawu zabo njengegama lokugqitha okanye incwadi yokungena njl njl. … Ulwazi lomsebenzisi lugcinwa kwezi fayile zilandelayo: /etc/passwd.